Five-Year Trends of Second-Hand Smoke Exposure in Greece: A Comparison Between Complete, Partial, and Prelegislation Levels

Vardavas, Constantine; Anagnostopoulos, Nektarios; Patelarou, Evridiki; Minas, Markos; Nakou, Chrysanthi; Dramba, Vassiliki; Giourgouli, Gianna; Bagkeris, Emmanouil; Gourgoulianis, Konstantinos; Pattaka, Paraskevi; Ántoniadis, Antonis; Lionis, Christos; Bertic, Monique; Dockery, Douglas W.; Behrakis, Panagiotis

doi:10.1089/jamp.2011.0949

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Furthermore, after regulation of all bars, the overall indoor PM 2.5 concentrations in all bars decreased by 73%. This result of gradual improvement in indoor air quality with increasingly stringent smoke-free regulations was similar to that of a study carried out in Greece [22]. Indoor PM 2.5 concentrations in hospitality venues (e.g., bars, cafés, and restaurants) decreased from 268 μg/m 3 pre-regulation to 174 μg/m 3 after the ban on smoking in venues >70 m 2 and to 89 μg/m 3 after the comprehensive ban.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Impact of Partial and Comprehensive Smoke-Free Regulations on Indoor Air Quality in Bars

Kim

Ban

Hwang

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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In Korea, smoke-free regulations have been gradually implemented in bars based on venue size. Smoking bans were implemented in 2013 for bars ≥150 m2, in 2014 for bars ≥100 m2, and in 2015 for bars of all sizes. The purpose of this study was to determine indoor fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations in bars before and after implementation of the smoke-free policies based on venue size. Indoor PM2.5 concentrations were measured with real-time aerosol monitors at four time points: (1) pre-regulation (n = 75); (2) after implementing the ban in bars ≥150 m2 (n = 75); (3) after implementing the ban in bars ≥100 m2 (n = 107); and (4) when all bars were smoke-free (n = 79). Our results showed that the geometric mean of the indoor PM2.5 concentrations of all bars decreased from 98.4 μg/m3 pre-regulation to 79.5, 42.9, and 26.6 μg/m3 after the ban on smoking in bars ≥150 m2, ≥100 m2, and all bars, respectively. Indoor PM2.5 concentrations in bars of each size decreased only after the corresponding regulations were implemented. Although smoking was not observed in Seoul bars after smoking was banned in all bars, smoking was observed in 4 of 21 bars in Changwon. Our study concludes that the greatest decrease in PM2.5 concentrations in bars was observed after the regulation covering all bars was implemented. However, despite the comprehensive ban, smoking was observed in bars in Changwon. Strict compliance with the regulations is needed to improve indoor air quality further.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Impact of Partial and Comprehensive Smoke-Free Regulations on Indoor Air Quality in Bars

Kim

Ban

Hwang

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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“…Preventive policies for tobacco control include banning smoking indoors in public places and have been embraced by many countries but leave an estimated 84% of the population unprotected 14 . Unfortunately, even with adopted legislation, many countries have not managed to enforce the bans as is the current case in Greece 15 , while in others, have failed to include coverage of hospitality venues 16 . Individuals working in environments polluted with SHS such as hospitality venues are therefore exposed to SHS daily and chronically, highlighting the importance of examining the effect of longterm exposure on CR health.…”

Section: List Of Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory response to exercise of nonsmokers occupationally exposed to second hand smoke (SHS)

Mantzoros¹,

Teloniatis²,

Lymperi³

et al. 2017

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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INTRODUCTION Occupational exposure to Second Hand Smoke (SHS) continues to be an issue, even in countries with strong tobacco control legislation. The current study assessed the effect of chronic occupational exposure to SHS on cardiorespiratory exercise response among healthy adult non-smokers. METHODS 60 healthy non-smokers; 38 men, 22 women, aged 18-58 years with body mass index (BMI)<30 were separated into exposed to occupational SHS (exposed, n=30) and those non-exposed (controls, n=30) to occupational SHS in the hospitality sector. All individuals underwent baseline spirometry and ergospirometry testing. Non-smoking status was confirmed with exhaled CO, SHS exposure with urine cotinine measurement and indoor environmental pollution with PM2.5 concentration. Statistical differences among groups were determined with an independent t-test and p-value set to <0.05. RESULTS The exposed group had an average range of 6.9% to 14% lower exercise performance against their % predicted compared to controls. Significant mean differences standard deviation found between groups for ergospirometry were: oxygen uptake (VO 2 , mL/minute) 11.8 3.9 (p=0.004) and 11.7 4.8 (p=0.019); carbon dioxide output (VCO 2 ) 14.0 3.7 (p<0.001) and 13.4 5.0 (p=0.009); metabolic equivalents (METS) 11.9 3.9 (p=0.003) and 11.7 4.9 (p=0.018) and for oxygen pulse (VO 2 /HR) 16.6 7.551 (p=0.032) and 11.9 4.554 (p=0.011) at points of maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) and recovery (RC) against % predicted values, respectively. CONCLUSION Chronic occupational SHS exposure among non-smokers deteriorates CR exercise performance. Its impact on chronic disease development should be further explored. These results add to the evidence of the importance of enforcing clean indoor air legislations..Cardiorespiratory response to exercise of nonsmokers occupationally exposed to second hand smoke (SHS)

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“…For example, Cyprus and Greece, two countries with high smoking rates, adopted comprehensive smoke-free policies in 2010. Public exposure to SHS decreased by 67% in Greek hospitality venues, despite the absence of a comprehensive media campaign [38]. In Greece and Cyprus, efforts to "soften" clean-air legislation were backed by the tobacco industry [39].…”

Section: Public Opinion and Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Public exposure to SHS decreased by 67% in Greek hospitality venues, despite the absence of a comprehensive media campaign [38]. In Greece and Cyprus, efforts to "soften" clean-air legislation were backed by the tobacco industry [39]. Some municipalities in Japan went beyond the clean indoor-air restrictions legislated by many countries, by passing and implementing street smoking bans [40].…”

Section: Public Opinion and Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Public support for smoke-free areas in Israel: A case for action

Rosen¹,

Rier²,

Schwartz³

et al. 2012

Health Policy

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Five-Year Trends of Second-Hand Smoke Exposure in Greece: A Comparison Between Complete, Partial, and Prelegislation Levels

Abstract: The complete ban of smoking in hospitality venues in Greece led to a reduction in SHS exposure, in comparison to when the partial ban or no ban was in place; however, exposure to SHS was not eliminated indicating the need for stronger enforcement.

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Impact of Partial and Comprehensive Smoke-Free Regulations on Indoor Air Quality in Bars

Impact of Partial and Comprehensive Smoke-Free Regulations on Indoor Air Quality in Bars

Cardiorespiratory response to exercise of nonsmokers occupationally exposed to second hand smoke (SHS)

Public support for smoke-free areas in Israel: A case for action

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