Five-year update on the occurrence of alcohol and other drugs in blood samples from drivers killed in road-traffic crashes in Sweden

Jones, Alan Wayne; Kugelberg, Fredrik C.; Holmgren, Anita; Ahlner, Johan

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.01.014

Cited by 85 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…A recent study from Sweden spanning the years 2000-2007 found that 22% of drivers killed in crashes had a BAC above the legal limit for driving [29]. Moreover, those drivers with a punishable BAC were over-represented (67%) in single vehicle crashes, which suggest culpability on the part of the driver because no other vehicles were involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and gender differences in blood-alcohol concentration in apprehended drivers in relation to the amounts of alcohol consumed

Jones

Holmgren

2009

Forensic Science International

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and gender differences in blood-alcohol concentration in apprehended drivers in relation to the amounts of alcohol consumed

Jones

Holmgren

2009

Forensic Science International

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“…Psychoactive prescription drugs are commonly and increasingly identified in the blood and urine samples of drug-impaired drivers (Bezemer et al, 2014;Burch et al, 2013;Christophersen and Mørland, 2008;Jones et al, 2009;Karjalainen et al, 2015;NBFM, 2014;Wilson et al, 2014). Because psychoactive drugs may impair driving ability, their users are at increased risk of traffic accidents (Dassanayake et al, 2011;Gustavsen et al, 2008;Hetland and Carr, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-prescribed use of psychoactive prescription drugs among drug-impaired drivers in Sweden

Tjäderborn

Jönsson

Sandström

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Aims: To determine the prevalence of non-prescribed drug use among subjects suspected of drug-impaired driving with a confirmed intake of a psychoactive prescription drug, and to identify associated factors. Methods:Subjects investigated for drug-impaired driving in Sweden during 2006-2009 with a confirmed intake of diazepam, flunitrazepam, tramadol, zolpidem or zopiclone were identified using the Swedish Forensic Toxicology Database. Information on dispensed prescription drugs was retrieved from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Non-prescribed use was defined as a confirmed use of a psychoactive prescription drug intake confirmed by toxicological analysis in a subject by whom it was not dispensed in the 12 months preceding the sampling. Prevalence proportions were calculated for each drug and logistic regression was used to identify associated factors. Results: In total, 2225 subjects were included. The median age (range) was 34 (15-80) years and 1864 (83.8%) subjects were male. Non-prescribed use was found in 1513 subjects (58.7%); for flunitrazepam 103 (76.3%), diazepam 1098 (74.1%), tramadol 192 (40.3%), zopiclone 60 (29.7%), and zolpidem 60 (21.2%) subjects, respectively. Younger age and multiple-substance use were associated with nonprescribed use, whereas ongoing treatment with other psychoactive drugs was negatively associated with nonprescribed use. Conclusions: Non-prescribed use of psychoactive prescription drugs was common in subjects suspected of drug-impaired driving and was more frequent for benzodiazepines and tramadol compared to zolpidem and zopiclone. The young and multi-substance users were more likely, whereas subjects with ongoing prescribed treatment with other psychoactive drugs were less likely, to use non-prescribed drugs.

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“…Drug abuse has been increasingly involved in violence and the number of deaths around the world [1][2][3][4]. Although this abuse is not always the direct cause of death, it can influence the final outcome of a violent event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmortem data related to drug and toxic substance use in the Federal District, Brazil, from 2006 to 2008

Campelo¹,

Caldas²

2010

Forensic Science International

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Five-year update on the occurrence of alcohol and other drugs in blood samples from drivers killed in road-traffic crashes in Sweden

Cited by 85 publications

References 43 publications

Age and gender differences in blood-alcohol concentration in apprehended drivers in relation to the amounts of alcohol consumed

Age and gender differences in blood-alcohol concentration in apprehended drivers in relation to the amounts of alcohol consumed

Non-prescribed use of psychoactive prescription drugs among drug-impaired drivers in Sweden

Postmortem data related to drug and toxic substance use in the Federal District, Brazil, from 2006 to 2008

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