Five years of innovations in development of glow discharges generated in contact with liquids for spectrochemical elemental analysis by optical emission spectrometry

The sensitive determination of Ag, Pb and Tl as well as reduction of spectral interferences in a hanging drop cathode atmospheric pressure glow discharge excitation microsource equipped with a Dove prism system

“…For other APGD systems, an increase in the sample acidity usually led to the enhancement of the analytical signals of the studied elements and the deterioration of the discharge stability. 1,6 However, it should be pointed out that in this case, when the discharge was operated in contact with owing solutions, the concentration of HNO 3 or HCl in solutions was not higher than 0.1 mol L À1 . In the present system, where HDC-APGD was used and operated in contact with a solution drop, its impaired stability was observed when the HNO 3 concentration exceeded 0.6 mol L À1 , which indicates an increased tolerance to this acid.…”

“…It was established that in most cases, the evaluated enhancement factors are in good agreement with those reported in the literature. 1,5,9 The greatest improvement of the analyte responses was obtained in the cases of formic acid, i.e., $2.4-2.6-fold for Ag, Cd, Hg and Pb and formaldehyde, i.e., $1.2-1.4-fold for Mg, Mn and Tl. Due to the better stability of the HDC-APGD system and considering the high enhancement factors, formic acid (8%, m/ m) was used in the analysis of the CRM.…”

“…2 Another advantage of the presented device was its small size, giving a real chance for the development of portable instruments for the trace element analysis of various samples. [1][2][3] The newest APGD systems can obtain the limits of detection (LODs) of various elements comparable to or even better than those offered by commercially available ICP spectrometers. 1,2 In addition, the past decades of research devoted to APGD brought a much better understanding of the processes occurring at the plasma-liquid interface and being responsible for the transport of analytes from the delivered solutions into the discharge column, in addition to the atomization and excitation processes occurring therein.…”

Methanol-Enhanced Liquid Electrode Discharge Microplasma-Induced Vapor Generation of Hg, Cd, and Zn: The Possible Mechanism and Its Application

“…Generally, the composition and excitation power of microplasma are determined by the discharge gas, sample solution, electrode polarity, and construction of discharge cells. 13,28 For example, flowing liquid anode atmospheric pressure glow discharge (FLA-APGD) is favorable for the determination of a group of elements, including Ag, Bi, Cd, Hg, In, Pb, Tl, and Zn. 28,29 Up to now, only the vapor generation of Hg, Os, and I could be obtained by using pure He/Ar microplasma.…”

“…13,28 For example, flowing liquid anode atmospheric pressure glow discharge (FLA-APGD) is favorable for the determination of a group of elements, including Ag, Bi, Cd, Hg, In, Pb, Tl, and Zn. 28,29 Up to now, only the vapor generation of Hg, Os, and I could be obtained by using pure He/Ar microplasma. 15,22,23 Hydrogen is required for the μPIVG of Cd and Zn while remarkably suppressing the μPIVG of Hg.…”