Fixed Effects Regression Models

Allison, Paul D.

doi:10.4135/9781412993869

Cited by 2,970 publications

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“…We used a hospitalization-level fixed effect, sometimes called conditional models. 42 These results controlled for the patient's depressive symptoms status before his/her severe sepsis episode. Since our outcome was not rare, we used fixed-effects Poisson regression analyses to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for post-severe sepsis substantial depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms of Depression in Survivors of Severe Sepsis: A Prospective Cohort Study of Older Americans

Davydow¹,

Hough²,

Langa³

et al. 2013

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

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Objectives To examine if incident severe sepsis is associated with increased risk of subsequent depressive symptoms and to assess which patient characteristics are associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms. Design Prospective longitudinal cohort study. Setting Population-based cohort of older U.S. adults interviewed as part of the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2006). Participants 439 patients who survived 471 hospitalizations for severe sepsis and completed at least one follow-up interview. Measurements Depressive symptoms were assessed with a modified version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Severe sepsis was identified using a validated algorithm in Medicare claims. Results The point prevalence of substantial depressive symptoms was 28% at a median of 1.2 years before sepsis, and remained 28% at a median of 0.9 years after sepsis. Neither incident severe sepsis [Relative Risk (RR) 1.00, 95%Confidence Interval (95%CI) (0.73, 1.34)] nor severe sepsis-related clinical characteristics were significantly associated with subsequent depressive symptoms. These results were robust to potential threats from missing data or alternative outcome definitions. After adjustment, pre-sepsis substantial depressive symptoms [RR 2.20, 95%CI (1.66, 2.90)] and worse post-sepsis functional impairment [RR 1.08 per new limitation, 95%CI (1.03, 1.13)] were independently associated with substantial depressive symptoms following sepsis. Conclusions The prevalence of substantial depressive symptoms in severe sepsis survivors is high, but is not increased relative to their pre-sepsis levels. Identifying this large subset of severe sepsis survivors at increased risk for major depression, and beginning interventions prior to hospital discharge, may improve outcomes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms of Depression in Survivors of Severe Sepsis: A Prospective Cohort Study of Older Americans

Davydow¹,

Hough²,

Langa³

et al. 2013

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

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“…This approach is analogous to Individual Layoff History and Voluntary Turnover ! 43 estimating a random effects model (Allison, 2009;Gutierrez, 2002), here accounting for heterogeneity in the risk of voluntary turnover between layoff victims and non-victims.…”

Section: Methodsological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the NLSY79 panel, most individuals report multiple job spells over the length of their work histories, allowing for the removal of unobserved sources of variation that remain constant within individuals. This is achieved within the Cox proportional hazards model by stratifying by individual, which affords each respondent a unique baseline function into which the unobserved, person-constant error is moved (Allison, 2009). Because the baseline is not used to compute hazard ratios, estimates are free of constant, person-specific error.…”

Section: Models Estimated To Test Hypotheses 1 Through 5 Describe Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Creating a more quit-friendly national workforce? Individual layoff history and voluntary turnover.

Davis¹,

Trevor²,

Feng³

2015

Journal of Applied Psychology

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While Bureau of Labor Statistics data reveal that U.S. employers laid off over 33 million employees since 1994, virtually no research has addressed the behavior of layoff victims upon reemployment. In a first step, we investigate how layoffs shape voluntary turnover behavior in subsequent jobs. Utilizing a recently developed fixed effects specification of survival analysis, we find that a layoff history is positively associated with quit behavior. This effect is partially mediated by underemployment and job satisfaction in the post-layoff job. The remaining indirect effect is consistent with the notion that layoffs produce a psychological spillover to postlayoff employment, which then manifests in quit behavior.We also find that layoff effects on turnover attenuate as an individual's layoffs accumulate and vary in magnitude according to the turnover "path" followed by the leaver. While Bureau of Labor Statistics data reveal that U.S. employers laid off over 33 million employees since 1994, virtually no research has addressed the behavior of layoff victims upon reemployment. In a first step, we investigate how layoffs shape voluntary turnover behavior in subsequent jobs. Utilizing a recently developed fixed effects specification of survival analysis, we find that a layoff history is positively associated with quit behavior. This effect is partially mediated by underemployment and job satisfaction in the post-layoff job. The remaining indirect effect is consistent with the notion that layoffs produce a psychological spillover to post-layoff employment, which then manifests in quit behavior. We also find that layoff effects on turnover attenuate as an individual's layoffs accumulate and vary in magnitude according to the turnover "path" followed by the leaver.Individual Layoff History and Voluntary Turnover ! 3Creating a More Quit-Friendly National Workforce? Individual Layoff History and Voluntary TurnoverOne of the standard mechanisms through which today's companies attempt to cope with competitive pressures is through downsizing (Cascio, 1993). The extent to and manner in which downsizing contributes to subsequent organizational performance is a complex issue, with scholars offering explanations for both positive (e.g., Love & Nohria, 2005) and negative downsizing effects (e.g., Trevor & Nyberg, 2008). What there is no dispute about, however, is the prevalence of downsizing in the U.S.-the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports over 30 million layoffs between 1994 and 2010, a figure that does not include small-scale layoffs (i.e., those displacing fewer than 50 employees). While layoffs are more numerous when firms are struggling economically (Cascio, 1993), company financial health, employee tenure, job performance, and industry all fail to protect American employees from the layoff axe (Cascio, 2002).Often lost in the analysis of layoffs and their effects on the companies that initiate them is that a majority of layoff victims ultimately find new jobs. In the aggregate, these millions of victims therefore ...

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“…These FE panel regression models enable us to do so by implicitly accounting for any unobserved person-specific (time-invariant) factors which might confound the associations, thus minimizing any omitted variable bias that may arise due to these [25,26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the associations between physical activity and quality of life: findings from an Australian nationally representative panel survey

Perales

Pozo-Cruz

2014

Qual Life Res

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Fixed Effects Regression Models

Cited by 2,970 publications

References 0 publications

Symptoms of Depression in Survivors of Severe Sepsis: A Prospective Cohort Study of Older Americans

Symptoms of Depression in Survivors of Severe Sepsis: A Prospective Cohort Study of Older Americans

Creating a more quit-friendly national workforce? Individual layoff history and voluntary turnover.

On the associations between physical activity and quality of life: findings from an Australian nationally representative panel survey

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