Fixed Orthodontic Treatment Increases Cariogenicity and Virulence Gene Expression in Dental Biofilm

Thanetchaloempong, Watcharawee; Koontongkaew, Sittichai; Utispan, Kusumawadee

doi:10.3390/jcm11195860

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Studies have highlighted a potential association between fixed orthodontic treatment and increased cariogenicity, as well as alterations in the expression of virulence genes within dental biofilms [ 12 , 13 ]. During orthodontic treatment, regular monitoring of oral hygiene is essential to mitigate the potential challenges posed by orthodontic appliances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Orthodontic Treatment on the Incidence of Dental Caries in Adolescents: A Prospective Cohort Study

Chauhan,

Mishra,

Patil

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background: Orthodontic treatment is a widely embraced intervention aimed at enhancing dental aesthetics and correcting malocclusions among adolescents. However, concerns persist regarding its potential impact on oral health, particularly on the development of dental caries. This study aimed to systematically investigate the relationship between orthodontic treatment and the incidence of new carious lesions among adolescents. Methods: A prospective cohort design involving adolescents aged 12-18 years was employed. A total of 82 patients met the inclusion criteria. In addition, an age-matched control group of 82 participants who did not undergo orthodontic treatment was included. The study included both a treatment group undergoing orthodontic treatment (braces or aligners) and an age-matched control group that did not undergo any orthodontic intervention. Demographic characteristics, orthodontic treatment details, and oral hygiene practices were documented at baseline and throughout the study period. Dental examinations at six-month intervals post-treatment were conducted to track the incidence and progression of carious lesions. Results: The demographic characteristics, baseline oral health status, orthodontic treatment details, and oral hygiene practices were comparable between the treatment and control groups. Post-orthodontic treatment assessment revealed a slightly higher incidence of new carious lesions in the treatment group (14.6%) than in the control group (9.8%), although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.15). Dental examinations at six-month intervals demonstrated a gradual increase in caries incidence over time in both groups, with no substantial disparities observed. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive examination of the relationship between orthodontic treatment and the incidence of new carious lesions among adolescents. While a trend towards higher caries incidence in the treatment group was observed, the difference was not statistically significant. These findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge and emphasize the need for ongoing research to guide clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Orthodontic Treatment on the Incidence of Dental Caries in Adolescents: A Prospective Cohort Study

Chauhan,

Mishra,

Patil

et al. 2024

Cureus

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“…Fixed orthodontic treatment has been found to correlate with elevated dentobacterial plaque accumulation, potentially predisposing individuals to decalcification, dental caries, periodontal disease, halitosis, and tooth staining [1,2]. Therefore, employing good oral hygiene practices, including manual plaque removal supplemented by antimicrobial products, constitutes the foremost step in preventing these conditions [3,4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fixed orthodontic therapy can lead to an increased accumulation of dentobacterial plaque and an increase in the number of cariogenic bacteria due to the presence of multiple retention sites such as orthodontic bands, brackets, wires, and acrylic resins. Consequently, this may result in the development of decalcification, dental caries, periodontal disease, halitosis, and teeth staining [1,2]. These adverse effects affect up to 70% of orthodontic patients [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Hygiene Practices and Oral Health Knowledge among Adult Orthodontic Patients: A Best Practice Implementation Project

Tadin,

Badrov,

Mikelic Vitasovic

et al. 2024

Hygiene

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Orthodontic therapy is associated with a more significant accumulation of dentobacterial plaque and impaired oral hygiene, which increase the risk of developing dental caries and periodontal disease. Therefore, it is crucial to educate orthodontic patients about proper oral hygiene maintenance and oral health before and during treatment. The aim of this pilot study was to implement evidence-based best practices related to oral hygiene in adult orthodontic patients and improve compliance. In addition to evaluating oral hygiene practices, another goal of the project was to assess the knowledge of orthodontic patients regarding oral health. Questionnaires with seven pre- (before) and post-test criteria (90 day after implementation) were developed based on the best evidence available. This project was conducted in a private dental clinic in Split, Croatia, and included 45 patients. The baseline audit showed a gap between clinical practice and the best evidence. Three criteria achieved a high compliance baseline, while after implementation, there were substantial improvements in compliance for all. The everyday use of mouthwash improved from 17.8% at baseline to 66.7% at follow-up, as did the use of interdental aids, which increased from 55.6% to 91.1%. Statistically significant differences were found in the total score for oral health knowledge between the baseline (6.67 ± 1.74) and the follow-up audit (7.78 ± 0.56, p ≤ 0.001). The strategies developed in this project were effective in providing essential information to adult orthodontic patients and improving compliance with evidence. Guidelines on this topic should be designed to assist orthodontists and patients in maintaining oral health and oral hygiene.

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“…The pink color indicates newly formed dental biofilm in its initiation stage without EPS. Meanwhile, blue/purple blues represent old dental biofilm, with light blue denoting extra high-risk or cariogenic dental biofilm (Figure 22) [83]. The environmental change in dental biofilm due to high frequent sugar consumption provides an acidic environment and ecological shift to cariogenic bacteria accumulation, and disrupts the demineralization/remineralization balance in enamel and initiating carious lesions [79].…”

Section: Dental Biofilm Staining With Gc Tri-plaque Id Gel Tm Dental...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enamel and Its Interaction with the Oral Environment

Koontongkaew,

Utispan,

Dhananthat Chawhuaveang

et al. 2024

Enamel and Dentin-Pulp Complex

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Enamel, comprised of hydroxyapatite (HAP) units forming crystallites and rods, constitutes the structure of teeth. HAP is represented by the stoichiometric formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. However, biological HAP, found in enamel, deviates from this stoichiometry due to deficiencies in Ca2+, PO43–, and OH–, and contamination with CO32– and HPO42–, and trace elements within their lattice. Its integrity is influenced by saliva, oral bacteria, fluoride from oral care products, and dietary acids. Salivary glycoproteins form an acquired salivary pellicle on enamel, while oral microorganisms create dental biofilm, which can become cariogenic with increased sucrose levels. The cariogenic biofilm generates acids, which reduces hydroxyl and phosphate groups surrounding enamel, thereby lowering the ion activity product (Ip) of the dental biofilm fluid and saliva and resulting in enamel demineralization. Initial caries appear as subsurface lesions with crystallite dissolution, mitigated by topical fluoride promoting the formation of calcium fluoride-like reservoirs on tooth surfaces and within dental biofilm. Enamel becomes susceptible to irreversible wear with frequent and prolonged dietary acid exposure. Dental erosion, chemically induced below pH 4.5, dissolves fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite predominantly on the surface layer, without subsurface lesions. Understanding these processes is crucial for preventive strategies against dental caries and erosion.

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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment Increases Cariogenicity and Virulence Gene Expression in Dental Biofilm

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

Impact of Orthodontic Treatment on the Incidence of Dental Caries in Adolescents: A Prospective Cohort Study

Impact of Orthodontic Treatment on the Incidence of Dental Caries in Adolescents: A Prospective Cohort Study

Oral Hygiene Practices and Oral Health Knowledge among Adult Orthodontic Patients: A Best Practice Implementation Project

Enamel and Its Interaction with the Oral Environment

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