“…The separation method is feasible, but there are some disadvantages, such as, after separation, the dimensionality of the system becomes two-fold and there is a need to design controllers for the real and imaginary parts of the system separately, which greatly increases the computational effort and control cost. The other is the non-separated approach, i.e., discussing the dynamical behavior of the original complex-valued neural network directly on the complex domain [17,26]. Compared to the separation method, the non-separation method is much simpler, less computationally intensive, and easier to implement.…”