Fixed-time Distributed Voltage and Reactive Power Compensation of Islanded Microgrids Using Sliding-mode and Multi-agent Consensus Design

Abstract

This paper investigates a fixed-time distributed voltage and reactive power compensation of islanded microgrids using sliding-mode and multi-agent consensus design. A distributed sliding-mode control protocol is proposed to ensure voltage regulation and reference tracking before the desired preset fixed-time despite the unknown disturbances. Accurate reactive power sharings among distributed generators are maintained. The secondary controller is synthesized without the knowledge of any parameter of the microgrid. It is implemented using a sparse one-way communication network modeled as a directed graph. A comparative simulation study is conducted to highlight the performance of the proposed control strategy in comparison with finite-time and asymptotic control systems with load power variations.

QDTree: Quasi-Density-Tree Accelerates Free Space Detection with MMW Radar Point Cloud

“…In QDTree, gridded point location helps searching for neighbouring nodes quickly via as small distance calculation as possible, even though it also suffers a deficiency of accuracy in computation. Last but not the least, we will also make efforts in time delay issues, which is important for robustness of cooperation among multiple data sources [31] in practice.…”

Novel Optimal Load Control for Power System Frequency and Voltage Regulation

“…To observe the difference in the frequency/voltage dynamic response over the load participation in the primary control among the proposed NOLC, traditional OLC [21], and LVC [25], conclusions are drawn based on the simulation results. Figure 4(a) and (b) shows the frequency and voltage dynamics on bus 4 after the load disturbance, respectively.…”

“…The OLC theorem was further developed in [23], which considered the most suitable parameters for local load controllers via a multi-objective optimization procedure instead of using identical parameter settings. Similarly, considering the foundation of network dynamics as an optimization algorithm, [24] and [25] proposed a local volt/var control (LVC) for voltage regulation through the approach of reverse and forward engineering. Although these primary response frameworks for smart loads involve only frequency control or voltage control, they present a new idea-network dynamics as optimization algorithms for the distributed control and optimization of modern power systems.…”

“…The intermittent power sources and time-varying load demands induce sudden power changes, resulting in frequency and voltage issues [26]. However, most existing methods focus on one or the other; for example, the traditional OLC [21] provided a primary frequency response while ignoring the potential of load participation in voltage regulation, or [25] and [27] proposed the distributed voltage control to cope with rapid voltage fluctuations introduced by renewable energy generation.…”

Decision Aid Model for Private-owned Electric Vehicles Participating in Frequency Regulation Ancillary Service Market

“…T HE large-scale integration of renewable energy brings more challenges in power system frequency regulation [1], and new regulation resources are urgently needed for the operation of a modern electricity network [2]. With the increase of the ownership of pure electric vehicles (EVs) and more advanced vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology [3], [4], EVs can provide peak shaving and frequency regulation ancillary services [5], [6], supply reactive power compensation [7], improve the consumption capacity of renewable energy, and reduce power grid investment, operation, and maintenance costs [8], [9], which have broad applications. EV users can make an extra profit by providing frequency regulation services [10] - [13].…”