Flagellar attachment and detachment ofCrithidia fasciculata to the gut wall ofAnopheles gambiae

Brooker, B. E.

doi:10.1007/bf01275594

Cited by 58 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…The more-rapidly sedimenting cells from zone C gave a perfect doubling in numbers over a 2.5 h division period, corresponding to a synchrony index of 0.58 for the first division; the second division was also synchronous. Examination by light microscopy revealed the presence of clusters (' rosettes';Brooker, 1971) of organisms in all fractions. Large rosettes composed of many hundreds of organisms were seen in the major rapidly sedimenting zone.…”

Section: Development Of Methods For Establishing Synchronous Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to minimize rosette formation, which is thought to be an osmotically dependent phenomenon (Brooker, 1971), the cells were resuspended in distilled water and sedimented through a Dextran gradient as described in Methods. Figure 2 shows the distribution of organisms in a typical experiment, and the region of the gradient used for inoculation of cultures in all subsequent work.…”

Section: Development Of Methods For Establishing Synchronous Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Preparation of Large-scale Synchronous Cultures of the Trypanosomatid, Crithidia fasciculata, by Cell-size Selection: Changes in Respiration and Adenylate Charge through the Cell-cycle

Edwards

Statham

Lloyd

1975

Journal of General Microbiology

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S U M M A R YLarge-scale synchronous cultures of Crithidia fasciculata were prepared by a sedimentation-velocity-size-selection method using a non-osmotic gradient in a zonal rotor. Synchrony indices of up to 0.68 were obtained (average length of cell-cycle, 5-1 h). Dry weight, protein and RNA increased continuously so as to double in one cell-cycle. Rates of oxygen uptake/ml culture increased overall so as to double over a cell-cycle, but rose to maxima at five periods in the cellcycle. KCN gave a similar degree of inhibition throughout, and so did not alter the periodicity or amplitude of the oscillations. Total adenylates doubled over a cycle, and complex changes in pool sizes of ATP, ADP and AMP were temporally interrelated and were correlated with changes of oxygen uptake rates rather than with changes in biosynthetic requirements. Adenylate charge varied between 0.47 and 0.66. Discontinuous respiratory activity of mitochondria through the cellcycle and possible mechanisms for its control are discussed with reference t,o previous data.

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Section: Development Of Methods For Establishing Synchronous Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of Methods For Establishing Synchronous Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preparation of Large-scale Synchronous Cultures of the Trypanosomatid, Crithidia fasciculata, by Cell-size Selection: Changes in Respiration and Adenylate Charge through the Cell-cycle

Edwards

Statham

Lloyd

1975

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…Part of these phenotypes may result from the fact that the PFR provides a support for the incorporation of at least two metabolic regulators into the flagellum (34). Interestingly, the electron-dense plaques that form when trypanosomatids attach to invertebrate epithelia contain filaments that appear similar to those of the PFR and appear to originate in the PFR itself (6,10,41), leading to the hypothesis that the PFR may be the critical organelle mediating attachment to vector cell surfaces.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cryptic Paraflagellar Rod in Endosymbiont-Containing Kinetoplastid Protozoa

et al. 2005

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Cilia and flagella are central to many biological processes in a diverse range of organisms. The kinetoplastid protozoa are very appealing models for the study of flagellar function, particularly in the light of the availability of extensive trypanosomatid genome information. In addition to the highly conserved 9 ؉ 2 axoneme, the kinetoplastid flagellum contains a characteristic paraflagellar rod structure (PFR). The PFR is necessary for full motility and provides support for metabolic regulators that may influence flagellar beating. However, there is an intriguing puzzle: one clade of endosymbiont-containing kinetoplastids apparently lack a PFR yet are as motile as species that possess a PFR and are able to attach to the invertebrate host epithelia. We investigated how these organisms are able to locomote despite the apparent lack of PFR. Here we have identified a PFR1 gene in the endosymbiont-bearing trypanosome Crithidia deanei. This gene is expressed in C. deanei and is able to partially complement a pfr1 null mutation in Leishmania mexicana cells, demonstrating that the encoded protein is functional. Careful reexamination of C. deanei flagellar ultrastructure revealed a greatly reduced PFR missed by many previous analyses. This affirms the PFR as a canonical organelle of kinetoplastids. Moreover, although PFR proteins have been conserved in evolution, primary sequence differences contribute to particular PFR morphotypes characteristic of different kinetoplastid species.Cilia and flagella are central to many biological processes in a diverse range of organisms. In the order Kinetoplastida-the group of flagellates that include trypanosomatid parasites and bodonids-the flagellum is the classical organelle of motility (42). In parasitic species, the kinetoplastid flagellum has also evolved to be an organelle of attachment to the invertebrate vector, playing a critical role in parasite transmission to the vertebrate host (42). Moreover, recent work shows that the kinetoplastid flagellum is also involved in cell division; positioning of the new flagellum, one of the earliest event in cell duplication, defines the axis of polarity in the dividing cell and the position of the internal organelles (31). Finally, flagellar wave reversal in a Ca 2ϩ -dependent manner as an avoidance response has been studied in trypanosomatids (39), suggesting that the flagellum in these species may also be a specialized sensory organelle.The main component of both cilia and flagella is the axoneme. This microtubule-based organelle was most probably present in the ancestor of all modern eukaryotes and is highly conserved in several deeply diverged lines. In many organisms, the axoneme is augmented by extra-axonemal structures-for example, the fibrous sheath in mammalian spermatozoa and the R-fiber of dinoflagellates. In the Kinetoplastida, a characteristic structure known as the paraflagellar rod (PFR) runs alongside the axoneme to form the flagellum. This PFR is an elegant and stable lattice-like arrangement of protein filaments which ...

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“…The method of attachment of a flagellate found in the hindgut of Peromyscopsylla silvatica spectabilis differs from that observed in other species of trypanosomatids attached to insect gut epithelia in that attachment may be mediated through a desmosome-like junction indicated by a contribution from the host tissue to the attachment zone rather than by a hemidesmosome where only the parasite's flagellar structure is modified (Molyneux, 1969;Brooker, 1971;Vickerman, 1973;Steiger, 1973;Killick-Kendrick et al, 1974;Brun, 1974;Molyneux, 1975). This is the first occasion on which flagellate attachment has been described in the hindgut of Siphonaptera although Molyneux (1969) reported the attachment of T. lewisi in the rectum of a flea, Nosopsyllus fasciatus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Ultrastructural studies on the relationship between monogenetic flagellates and their insect hosts have been made recently (Brooker, 1971;Bailey and Brooks, 1972;Brun, 1974). The mecanism of attachment displayed by these flagellates is similar to that found in trypanosomes and Leishmania in their vectors (Molyneux, 1969;Vickerman, 1973; Killick-Kendrick, Molyneux and Ashford, 1974;Molyneux, 1975).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on a trypanosomatid flagellate in a flea, Peromyscopsylla silvatica spectabilis

Molyneux

Ashford

1975

Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp.

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Summary.The method of attachment of a trypanosomatid parasite to the cuticular epithelium of the hindgut of a flea Peromyscopsylla silvatica spectabilis by a desmosome-like structure is described ; the flagella are modified and have enlarged intraflagellar areas which occupy the whole surface area of the gut, including clefts and folds of the epithelium. Unusual features of the parasite itself include a very much reduced flagellar pocket and pellicular microtubules which are made up of doublets and triplets. The problems of differentiation and characterisation of monogenetic insect flagellates are discussed in the light of these findings. Résumé.Observations sur un Trypanosomatidae Flagellé de la Puce, Peromyscopsylla sylvatica spectabilis.

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Flagellar attachment and detachment ofCrithidia fasciculata to the gut wall ofAnopheles gambiae

Cited by 58 publications

References 9 publications

The Preparation of Large-scale Synchronous Cultures of the Trypanosomatid, Crithidia fasciculata, by Cell-size Selection: Changes in Respiration and Adenylate Charge through the Cell-cycle

The Preparation of Large-scale Synchronous Cultures of the Trypanosomatid, Crithidia fasciculata, by Cell-size Selection: Changes in Respiration and Adenylate Charge through the Cell-cycle

Cryptic Paraflagellar Rod in Endosymbiont-Containing Kinetoplastid Protozoa

Observations on a trypanosomatid flagellate in a flea, Peromyscopsylla silvatica spectabilis

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