Flame Emission Spectroscopy for Equivalence Ratio Monitoring

Sandrowitz, A. K.; Cooke, J. M.; Glumac, Nick

doi:10.1366/0003702981944319

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…While a procedure has been proposed to determine the hydrocarbon–air flame equivalence ratio non-intrusively, 17 it depends on the ratio of OH to CH emissions. However, the OH feature used for this procedure occurs in an ultraviolet region outside of the measured spectral range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Strontium Monoxide in Methane–Air Flames

2016

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The spectroscopy of alkaline earth metal compounds is stimulated by the use of these compounds in practical areas ranging from technology to medicine. Applications in the field of pyrotechnics were the motivation for a series of flame emission spectroscopy experiments with strontium-containing compounds. Specifically, strontium monoxide (SrO) was studied as a candidate radiator for the diagnosis of methane-air flames. Strontium monoxide emissions have been observed in flames with temperatures in the range 1200 K to 1600 K for two compounds: strontium hydroxide and strontium chloride. Comparisons are made of the measured SrO spectra to simulated spectra in the near-infrared region of 700 nm to 900 nm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Strontium Monoxide in Methane–Air Flames

2016

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“…In hydrocarbon flames, the chemiluminescent emissions of OH Ã , CH Ã , and C 2 Ã resulting from electronically excited states can be related to chemical reaction rate, heat release rate, and equivalence ratio (Gaydon and Wolfhard, 1978;Yamazaki et al, 1990;Najm et al, 1998;Sandrowitz et al, 1998;Lawn, 2000). The chemiluminescence of OH Ã and=or CH Ã was used for flame detection in combustion turbines (Roby et al, 1995) and for feedback control of equivalence ratio for a continuous combustor (Scott et al, 2000(Scott et al, , 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemiluminescence Measurements of Local Equivalence Ratio in a Partially Premixed Flame

Cheng

et al. 2006

Combustion Science and Technology

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Spatially resolved, time-averaged, multipoint measurements of flame emission spectra using two Cassegrain mirrors and two spectrometers are performed and the results are used to obtain the correlation of the intensity ratio of OH Ã =CH Ã and C 2 Ã =OH Ã to the equivalence ratio in the laminar flames over an equivalence ratio range of 0.8-1.4. Results show that a strong correlation exists between the intensity ratio and equivalence ratio. The calibration equations obtained from the laminar flame measurements are then applied to obtain the local equivalence ratio in a partially premixed swirling flame. Experimental results demonstrate that multipoint measurement of local equivalence ratio in the partially premixed swirling methane flames is feasible. However, this non-laser based chemiluminescence technique can only be applied to determine the local flame stoichiometry in the reaction zone of the flames. Further improvement of the measurement system and possibility of simultaneous measurements of equivalence ratio and temperature are discussed.

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“…Haber [60] reviewed the experimental use of chemiluminescence, particularly in the study of three important electronically excited species: OH*, CH*, and C 2 *. These species are dominant in the 250 -600 nm region, and were the species of interest in a study conducted by Sandrowitz et al [61] to determine the dependence of emission characteristics on equivalence ratio and total flow rate. A Bunsen burner flame chemiluminescence emission spectrum from Haber's testing is shown in …”

Section: Filtered Photographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Torch Atomizer-Igniter for Supersonic Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels

Billingsley¹,

O’Brien²,

Schetz³

2006

14th AIAA/AHI Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference

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To realize supersonic combustion of hydrocarbons, an effective atomizer-igniter combination with the capabilities of fuel preheating, atomization, penetration, mixing, ignition and flameholding is desired. An original design concept incorporating these capabilities was built and tested at Virginia Tech, and was found to provide good penetration, effective atomization, and robust ignition and flameholding. Quiescent testing with kerosene and JP-7 provided initial performance data. The atomizer-injector design was then modified for insertion In the quiescent environment, the regeneratively cooled plasma torch igniter was found to significantly increase electrode life while heating, atomizing, and igniting the liquid fuel. Jet breakup length was measured and characterized, and mean droplet size was estimated using an existing correlation. Several qualitative observations regarding quiescent combustion were made, including torch power effects and the process of flame formation. In the supersonic environment, the effect of fuel injection direction was analyzed. Best results were obtained when fuel was injected with a velocity component opposite to the direction of main tunnel flow. Repeatable ignition occurred in the supersonic boundary layer at the fuel stagnation location near the plasma torch plume. Direct, filtered, shadowgraph, and schlieren photographs, temperature ii measurements, and visible emission spectroscopy provided evidence of combustion and the details of the flame structure.The new atomizer-igniter design provided robust and reliable ignition and flameholding of liquid hydrocarbon fuels in an unheated supersonic flow at M=2.4, with no ramp, step, or other physical penetration into the flowpath.iii Acknowledgements Dr. O'Brien, I enjoyed the relaxed lab atmosphere, and am grateful for your unique ability to promote progress without being overbearing. Thank you for recognizing my circumstances, and being flexible as I managed my young family. Thank you for the enthusiasm you show for your research; it was a privilege and a joy working with you.

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Flame Emission Spectroscopy for Equivalence Ratio Monitoring

Cited by 35 publications

References 9 publications

Measurement of Strontium Monoxide in Methane–Air Flames

Measurement of Strontium Monoxide in Methane–Air Flames

Chemiluminescence Measurements of Local Equivalence Ratio in a Partially Premixed Flame

Plasma Torch Atomizer-Igniter for Supersonic Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels

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