Flame guncreting of converter linings

Chemeris, O. N.; Didkovskii, V. K.; Rebrov, L. V.; Murav'ev, V. N.; Morokhovskaya, I. I.; Dobrikov, A. A.; Yuzefovskii, I. A.; Gol'dberg, I. A.; Kosobokov, I. P.; Zeltser, Ilya; Gizatulin, G. Z.; Belkin, A. I.

doi:10.1007/bf01284114

Refractories

1972

DOI: 10.1007/bf01284114

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Flame guncreting of converter linings

O. N. Chemeris

V. K. Didkovskii

L. V. Rebrov

et al.

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1983

1987

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…The large particles of coke burn on the gunited surface [8], where the highest temperature develops and the processes of separation of the guniting compound and sintering of the coating occur simultaneously. The operation of the torch with its maximum degree of temperature uniformity [9] promotes the most complete heat transfer from the torch to the lining and the coating material, which makes it possible to obtain the highest effectiveness of guniting [6] and selectivity in the application of the guniting compound [2].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…At this point the roof is frequently spalled, and with a small remaining thickness --caved in. The spalling is caused by thermal stresses concentrated on the boundary of the working and transition zones [1], and the caving in is caused by shrinkage of the parts in the area of guniting and failure of the bond between them.In the past decade, in our country torch guniting of converter linings has been developed and introduced [2][3][4]. In torch guniting a temperature of 1700-1900~ is developed on the surface being repaired [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Torch guniting of open-hearth roof local burns

et al. 1983

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At present in the USSR and abroad wet guniting is used for hot repairs of open hearth roofs. It is used primarily as routine, general, and preventive guniting. After a certain number of heats during a campaign the moist guniting compound is applied to the whole roof or a large portion of it in a thin layer for the purpose of prolonging the service life of all elements of the roof.Local burns of roofs occur at the end of open-hearth campaigns and are accompanied by reddening of the outer surface of the roof. Reddening is observed with wearing of the roof to a thickness of less than 100 ms, after which it may collapse during any period of a heat. However, under production conditions it is not always possible to shut down an open hearth for cold repairs at the moment of reddening. Maintenance of an open hearth in normal operation for 1-5 days is an important and pressing measure form the point of view of organizing work in the open-hearth shop and in the steel plant in general.In addition, taking into consideration the high cost of cold repairs, even an insignificant (by 1-10%) increase in roof life makes it possible to obtain a significant saving in the repair of local burns.The application of moist guniting compound on the same portion of the roof leads to sharp cooling of its working surface. At this point the roof is frequently spalled, and with a small remaining thickness --caved in. The spalling is caused by thermal stresses concentrated on the boundary of the working and transition zones [1], and the caving in is caused by shrinkage of the parts in the area of guniting and failure of the bond between them.In the past decade, in our country torch guniting of converter linings has been developed and introduced [2][3][4]. In torch guniting a temperature of 1700-1900~ is developed on the surface being repaired [5]. This is approximately the same as in the second half of melting on the working surface of the open-hearth roof. Therefore, thermal shocks do not occur in the parts and the reddened portions of the roof may be welded onto without threat of caving in. This is the basic advantage of torch ganiting over moist when it is necessary to repair burns of roofs at the end of open-hearth campaigns.

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Torch guniting of open-hearth roof local burns

et al. 1983

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“…high productivity of up to i000 kg of applied compound per minute; the capability of making hot repairs of operating equipment, which leads to prolongation of their campaign by several times; the organic technological effectiveness of the process in repair of steel melting furnaces; the constituents of the guniting compound are necessary components in melting of the metal; the use as the guniting compound of secondary inexpensive raw material such as coke dust, scrapped refractory parts, slag forming materials, etc. [5][6][7]; the capability of multiple repretition of the repair cycles.…”

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Use of torch guniting for the repair and protection of the linings of aluminum production equipment

Bogdanov¹,

Kaluzhskii²,

Skripnik³

et al. 1987

Refractories

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In modern metallurgy questions related to repair of worn refractory linings of thermal equipment, prolongation of the service lives of refractories at the user, and application of protective and refractory coatings by different methods are of great interest.Such methods of application of coatings as plasma, detonation, and gas-flame spraying and torch guniting used in various branches of production are widely known [i-3]. These methods are used in application of protective coatings on materials operating in aggressive media at high temperatures. The coatings are applied in high temperature gas flows in a broad range of velocities.Plasma spraying has found wide use in industry in the application of powders on the surface of a base material, as a rule metal. This method makes it possible to apply refractory oxides, to control the temperature and velocity of the plasma stream, and to use a broad range of sprayed materials including metals, ceramics, and organic materials. Plasma coatings possess high density and good adhesion with the base. The comparatively low productivity of the process, the noise in operation, and the intense ultraviolet radiation are disadvantages of the plasma method of spraying.In addition, the method is distinguished by the high cost of the equipment and high operating costs.In detonation spraying as the result of the explosion the oxygen-acetylene mixture ejects the powder particles being sprayed through the gun barrel in the direction of the surface being treated. The high temperature (4000~ and velocity of the particles (820 m/see) [2] makes it possible to obtain denser coatings than in plasma spraying. At the same time the temperature of the base material remains low, which eliminates deformation of it or other physical changes. The strong noise in application makes it necessary to use remote control of the process with the equipment located in a special chamber. Among the disadvantages of the method are the high cost of equipment and the low productivity.The gas flame method, which has found the widest use, is distinguished by its simplicity and low cost of equipment. In the gas flame method the temperature of the flame reaches 3000~ which provides fusion of the basic refractory powders and thereby increases the density of the coating [2].All of the above methods have a common disadvantage, their low productivity.The most promising method of application of repair coatings in metallurgy is torch guniting, which has been developed in the USSR. The metallurgists of many countries of the World have shown interest in it. Using this method the guniting compound is delivered by the transporting gas from the feeder into the jet of a fuel-oxygen flame, heated to the plastic state in it, and deposited in the form of a coating on the lining of the metallurgical equipment. It should be noted that this method was developed for the hot repair and prolongation of the service life of steel melting equipment [4].

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“…The first is intensification of the processes of combustion of the flame for the purpose of increasing the life of the periclase coatings [I], and the sec ~ ond is conversion to guniting with inexpensive and readily available materials (primarily lime) for partial or complete replacement of periclase powders in guniting mixtures [5,6].The first direction is accomplished in the following manner.By selecting the forms of fuel [I, 7] or by changing the design of the heads of multinozzle guniting guns [4,8] a reduction in coating porosity is obtained.However, with packing the periclase coating starts to spall and therefore additional measures for elimination of thermal failure of gunited coatings become necessary.These include additions to the guniting mixture of slags and oxides of iron [i] or aluminum [2] or guniting with thin layers [3]. The latter measure is not always possible under the conditions of organization of work in converter shops, and additions of oxides lead to a reduction in the slag resistance of the applied layers.…”

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Application of refractory slag-forming coatings to the lining of converters

et al. 1984

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UDC 666.92:[669.!84~225o~66~ 2~At present torch guniting, which was developed in the 70~s in the US$~ ~l~ ~ ~s ~eimg improved in two directions. The first is intensification of the processes of combustion of the flame for the purpose of increasing the life of the periclase coatings [I], and the sec ~ ond is conversion to guniting with inexpensive and readily available materials (primarily lime) for partial or complete replacement of periclase powders in guniting mixtures [5,6].The first direction is accomplished in the following manner.By selecting the forms of fuel [I, 7] or by changing the design of the heads of multinozzle guniting guns [4,8] a reduction in coating porosity is obtained.However, with packing the periclase coating starts to spall and therefore additional measures for elimination of thermal failure of gunited coatings become necessary.These include additions to the guniting mixture of slags and oxides of iron [i] or aluminum [2] or guniting with thin layers [3]. The latter measure is not always possible under the conditions of organization of work in converter shops, and additions of oxides lead to a reduction in the slag resistance of the applied layers. Until now there have been no examples of a positive solution of this problem on a production scale~The second direction in improvement in torch guniting is accomplished by application to the working surface of converter linings of refractory slag-forming coatings.This process was developed by the All-Union Institute for Refractories and by the Azov Steel, Western Siberia, and Cherepovets Metallurgical Combines.The fundamentals of the new process are that a lime coating in a converter is refractory and at the same time it is used for refining of the steel and there is a reduction in the addition of lump converter lime and the share of hot metal (as a result of the increase in the share of scrap) to the heat by a value approximately equal to the weight of the applied lime coating or of its soluble portion if the coating does not wear during a single heat.The basic stages of formation of refractory slag-forming coatings were described by us earlier in simplified form [6]. The kinetics of the processes which occur in sintering of powders in tne presence of a liquid phase depend significantly upon the size of the particles being sintered, the quantity of liquid phase, the degree of wetting of the solid phase by the liquid, the mutual solubility of the phases, the porosity of the particles, and the density of their packing [9]. With an insignificant quantity of binder (5-10% of the weight of lime) after fusion of it contact necks in which the basic processes determining the kinetics of sintering and the physiochemical parameters of the coating occur are formed between the lime particles.If it is assumed that a particle of lime and the liquid binder between it and the surface of the lining are two semiinfinite spaces and a rod located between them and brought at the moment of time T = 0 into contact and that the binder does not react with the binder,...

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Flame guncreting of converter linings

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Torch guniting of open-hearth roof local burns

Torch guniting of open-hearth roof local burns

Use of torch guniting for the repair and protection of the linings of aluminum production equipment

Application of refractory slag-forming coatings to the lining of converters

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