Flame-made Particles for Sensors, Catalysis, and Energy Storage Applications

Abstract

Flame spray pyrolysis of precursor–solvent combinations with high enthalpy density allows the design of functional nanoscale materials. Within the last two decades, flame spray pyrolysis was utilized to produce more than 500 metal oxide particulate materials for R&D and commercial applications. In this short review, the particle formation mechanism is described based on the micro-explosions observed in single droplet experiments for various precursor–solvent combinations. While layer fabrication is a key to successful industrial applications toward gas sensors, catalysis, and energy storage, the state-of-the-art technology of innovative in situ thermophoretic particle production and deposition technology is described. In addition, noble metal stabilized oxide matrices with tight chemical contact catalyze surface reactions for enhanced catalytic performance. The metal–support interaction that is vital for redox catalytic performance for various surface reactions is presented.

Flame Spray Pyrolysis as a Synthesis Platform to Assess Metal Promotion in In2O3‐Catalyzed CO2 Hydrogenation

“…[ 28 ] Finally, FSP is an up‐scalable technology capable of producing multicomponent materials with well‐specified composition, high purity, and thermal stability in a single‐step approach, without the need of solvent‐intensive washing and post‐thermal treatments commonly required for other synthesis methods. [ 26,29–31 ] After screening the effect of varying loadings up to 2 wt.% with Pd and Pt (vide infra), the nominal loading of 0.5 wt.% was chosen to favor the formation of atomically‐resolved promoter structures on In 2 O 3 necessary for the purpose of the study. The actual metal loadings of the promoted catalysts as determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES, Table S1, Supporting Information) closely matched the nominal loadings.…”

Double-Nozzle Flame Spray Pyrolysis as a Potent Technology to Engineer Noble Metal-TiO2 Nanophotocatalysts for Efficient H2 Production

“…Herein, we have used Flame Spray Pyrolysis technology (FSP) to synthesize NM 0 -TiO 2 nanoparticles in one step. FSP is an established gas-phase combustion process that has been utilized for the production of NM 0 -TiO 2 NPs under controlled conditions [17,18]. More specifically, Huang et al have synthesized a 10 wt% Pd 0 /TiO 2 catalyst for methane conversion [19], while Li et al, have prepared TiO 2 -supported Pt sub-nanoclusters for CO oxidation [20].…”

Sinter-Necked, Mixed Nanoparticles of Metallic Tungsten and Tungsten Oxide Produced in Fuel-Rich Methane/Air Tubular Flames

“…e decrease in carrier gas ow rate leads to an increase in the residence time in the hot gas region and an increased supply of energy to the precursor. is leads to gasi cation of the precursor and nucleation of the nanoparticles by gas-to-particle formation (Pokhrel and Madler, 2020).…”