Flame retardance and smoke suppression by tin(IV) oxide phases and decabromobiphenyl

Donaldson, J. D.; Donbavand, J; Hirschler, Marcelo M.

doi:10.1016/0014-3057(83)90099-x

Cited by 34 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The flame retardants included antimony, tin, zinc, copper, iron, aluminum, magnesium, molybdenum, and other compounds. SnO 2 or other tin compounds have been used in many polymers, such as wool [9], cotton [10], polyester [11], ABS [12], and the flame retardant property is often adequate. Recently, Baggaley et al [13]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardant Property of Sb2O3/SnO2 and their Synergism in Flexible PVC

Wang

Guo³

et al. 2006

Journal of Fire Sciences

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The use of tin dioxides, antimony trioxides, and their mixture as flame retardants for flexible PVC systems is considered as a means of enhancing the ability of flame retardancy. The flame retardant property of tin dioxides is studied through the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, char yield, DTA-TG, SEM, and elemental analysis. The results show that tin dioxides, antimony trioxides, and their mixture are good flame retardants in flexible PVC and a small amount of them can enhance the LOI and the char yield greatly. SnO 2 exerts its flame

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardant Property of Sb2O3/SnO2 and their Synergism in Flexible PVC

Wang

Guo³

et al. 2006

Journal of Fire Sciences

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“…It is interesting to note that 3-stannic acid is significantly more effective as a flame retardant than anhydrous Sn02 at low additive levels ( Figure 2) as previously reported in a number of halogen-containing polymer systems (15,22,23).…”

Section: (J_)mentioning

confidence: 69%

“…4:1), then significant volatilisation occurs, giving rise to a vapour-phase flame-retardant action (23).…”

Section: (J_)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Tin Compounds as Flame, Smoke, and Carbon Monoxide Suppressants for Synthetic Polymers

Cusack

Killmeyer²

1990

ACS Symposium Series

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In view of the current demand for novel, non-toxic flame-and smoke-suppressant systems for synthetic polymers, certain inorganic tin compounds have been evaluated as fire retardants in a number of plastic and elastomeric substrates. The results obtained indicate that tin compound additives, in particular, zinc hydroxystannate and zinc stannate, exhibit beneficial properties both in halogenated and halogen-free formulations. The tin compounds appear to act predominantly in the condensed phase by a char -promoting mechanism, and this leads to a significant decrease in the amounts of smoke and toxic gases evolved during polymer combustion. The observed carbon monoxide-suppression is particularly interesting, since CO inhalation is now known to be the cause of death in the vast majority of fire fatalities.The last two decades have seen a major growth in the use of synthetic polymers as materials for construction, insulation, packaging, upholstery and transport applications (_1_). Unfortunately, this period has also seen a dramatic increase in the number of serious fires, and the number of deaths and injuries in fires remains appallingly high.Fire deaths are normally violent in nature, and smoke inhalation and not fire itself is the killer that accounts for over 80% of fire deaths (2). Therefore, recent advances in fire testing have placed great emphasis in developing products that have low flame spread properties and are low smoke producing.The use of flame retardants in polymers has increased dramatically in recent years, in parallel to the growth of the plastics industry (J_). Data for the U.S. consumption of these chemicals during 1985 are presented in Table I. Many of the existing commercial additives, however, have problems associated with their use.In particular, certain flame-retardant systems are known to cause an increase in the amount of smoke and toxic/corrosive 0097-6156/90/0425-0189S06.50/0

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“…3 and Hg. 4. But LMSG has a smaller decrease to the mechanical properties than that of other additives such as CaCO,.…”

Section: Effect On the Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Many elements, such as alloys, organic substances and inorganic compounds including antimony ( 1 -31, tin (4)(5)(6). zinc (7,8), copper (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐melting sulfate glasses as additives to semirigid PVC and their flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties

Tian

Wang

et al. 2003

Vinyl Additive Technology

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The role of low-melting sulfate glasses (LMSG) as additives on the flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties of semirigid poly(viny1 chloride) (PVC), as well as the mechanism for flame retardancy and smoke suppression, were studied through the Limiting Oxygen Index (LOD test, Smoke Density Rating (SDR) test, DTA-TG, and SEM. The results show that the LMSG have good smoke suppressant properties. When the W C compound contains 40 parts of LMSG, the SDR value will be reduced by about 45%. The Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Ni2+ sulfates, as well as MOO,, cause PVC to crosslink and form char, and the melt can protect not only the char formed during combustion and thermal degradation, but also undecomposed polymer. That is the main mechanism for flame retardation and smoke suppression when the additives melt. The mechanical properties of the PVC compounds containing different levels of LMSG were also studied.

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Flame retardance and smoke suppression by tin(IV) oxide phases and decabromobiphenyl

Cited by 34 publications

References 10 publications

Flame Retardant Property of Sb2O3/SnO2 and their Synergism in Flexible PVC

Flame Retardant Property of Sb2O3/SnO2 and their Synergism in Flexible PVC

Inorganic Tin Compounds as Flame, Smoke, and Carbon Monoxide Suppressants for Synthetic Polymers

Low‐melting sulfate glasses as additives to semirigid PVC and their flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties

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