Flame Retardance and Smoke Suppression of CFA/APP/LDHs/EVA Composite

Abstract

Abstract:A new intumescent flame-retardants (IFR) system including the charing-foaming agent (CFA), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and modified-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with different transition metals (Ni, Co, Cu) were used in the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) matrix. Both the limiting oxygen index and the vertical burning tests indicate that the CFA/APP system and LDHs have significant synergistic flame retardant effects. The morphology of combustion residues indicates that the many pores of residues can prevent the melt dripping. The thermal analysis shows that the flame retardants obviously enhanced the thermal degradation temperature of ethylene-based chains of the composites. The cone calorimeter test reveals that the CO 2 and combustion residues have an important influence on the reduction of heat release rate (HRR), the smoke production rate (SPR), the production rate and the mean release yield of CO. The composite containing Cu (ELDH-Cu) delivers an 82% reduction in peak heat release rate, while ELDH-Ni has the best CO suppression among all composites. This work not only confirms the flame retardance and smoke suppression of CFA/APP/LDH/EVA, but also provides an effective method for producing new flame retardants and smoke suppressants.

Highly Efficient Composite Flame Retardants for Improving the Flame Retardancy, Thermal Stability, Smoke Suppression, and Mechanical Properties of EVA

“…The average mass loss rate (AMLR) values of pure EVA and its composites are shown in Table NdMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA showed lower values of pk-HRR, THR, pk-SPR, and pk-COP. Furthermore, the pk-HRR, pk-SPR and pk-COP of S-LaMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA, S-CeMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA, and S-NdMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA were lower than those reported for APP/CFA/LDH/EVA without REEs [13].…”

“…The reported IFRs consisted of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and CFA; when the mass ratio of APP and CFA was equal to 3:1, the EVA matrix had the best flame retardancy [12]. Moreover, composite flame retardants including APP, CFA, and LDH containing a transition element have been used to enhance the flame retardancy of EVA [13].…”

Synthesis of a novel polyphosphazene/triazine bi‐group flame retardant in situ doping nano zinc oxide and its application in poly (lactic acid) resin

“…Among them, the most efficient flame‐retardant system for PLA is the combination of APP and the bio‐based charring agent such as lignin, starch, and β‐cyclodextrin (CD) . Moreover, numerous studies show that the addition of nanofillers to polymers could improve the flame‐retardant properties of the composites . Nanofillers such as montmorillonite, metal oxide, and graphene exert a flame‐retardant effect through forming the barrier layers, catalyzing the graphitization of polymers, and changing the decomposition pathway and decomposition behavior of the composites .…”

“…[17][18][19][20][21][22] Moreover, numerous studies show that the addition of nanofillers to polymers could improve the flame-retardant properties of the composites. 23,24 Nanofillers such as montmorillonite, metal oxide, and graphene exert a flame-retardant effect through forming the barrier layers, catalyzing the graphitization of polymers, and changing the decomposition pathway and decomposition behavior of the composites. [25][26][27][28] To reinforce the flame retardancy of PLA, In our previous work, three polyphosphazene/triazine bi-group molecules with different terminal groups were synthesized and used to prepare flame-retardant PLA composite combined with APP.…”

Effect of trace chloride on the char formation and flame retardancy of the LLDPE filled with NiAl‐layered double hydroxides

“…Results showed that the obtained LDHs offered a significant improvement in the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP) relatively to the unmodified LDHs. There were also researchers who not only use surfactant to modify LDHs, but also to replace the metal cations on LDH laminates for further increasing flame‐retardant performance . It was reported that when some of Mg elements in laminates were substituted by earth metal ions, the obtained LDHs exhibited higher flame‐retardant performance.…”