Flame retardancy and mechanical properties of glass fibre reinforced polyethylene composites filled with novel intumescent flame retardant

Chen, Junlei; Wang, Jihui; Ding, Anxin; Ni, Aiqing; Chen, Hongda

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107555

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It is worth mentioning that the crosslinked blend samples containing ATH filler without the presence of MMT nanoclay has achieved slightly higher Young's modulus compared to crosslinked blend samples containing both ATH and MMT nanoclay fillers as shown in Figure 3b. The influence of ATH filler on the crosslinked blend matrix and strong significant improvement adhesion between the ATH filler and crosslinked blend interface have been shown, which finally causes strong interfacial bonding and crosslinked network 4,28 . This could be attributed the less mobility of the polymer chains due to effects of ATH filler incorporation into crosslinked blend matrix and formation of strong crosslinked network, which as a result decreases the polymer ductility and eventually increases Young's modulus of virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend 29–31 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure 6 and Table 3, at T max all crosslinked LLDPE/LDPE blend samples have higher thermal degradation compared to virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend, but showed a lower onset (T i ) of 5% degradation temperatures when a higher ATH filler loading was incorporated into the crosslinked LLDPE/LDPE blend matrix, which means that the onset decomposition temperature of the virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend is higher than that of crosslinked LLDPE/LDPE blend samples containing higher ATH loading, particularly samples with higher ATH contents (15 and 20 wt%). This is mainly due to the thermal decomposition of flame retardant occurs at a low temperature, 28 and it can be seen also that the samples containing higher flame retardant (ATH) content show two‐step decomposition, at approximately 297°C ATH start to decompose to yield water. Hence, this decomposition rate decrease or lower degradation rate could mean it facilitates the formation of heat resistant char, resulting in the lower degradation temperature 33 and promote the formation of protective char layer on the surface, which could improve the thermal stability at the first step and yield of char residue, and finally enhancing the flame retardancy ability of virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend effectively, and it means that increasing ATH filler loading in the polymer matrix could improve and enhance flame retardancy of the composite material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, this decrease of tensile strength could also be attributed to less and weak filler-filler interaction at higher ATH filler loading content with the presence of MMT nanoclay in the crosslinked LLDPE/LDPE blend matrix, which as a result decreases the bonding strength between ATH filler and crosslinked LLDPE/LDPE blend matrix; and could act as stress concentration point to induce the break of the samples. 27,28 It could also be concluded that the crosslinked LLDPE/LDPE blend sample (blend XL/FR20) containing higher ATH filler loading have exhibited slightly a better tensile strength compared to its respective crosslinked LLDPE/LDPE blend sample (blend XL/FR20/M) containing similar ATH filler content with the presence of MMT nanoclay, which could mean at higher ATH filler loading the addition and presence of MMT nanoclay into crosslinked LLDPE/LDPE blend matrix had not contributed significantly the tensile strength improvement.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of ATH filler on the crosslinked blend matrix and strong significant improvement adhesion between the ATH filler and crosslinked blend interface have been shown, which finally causes strong interfacial bonding and crosslinked network. 4,28 This could be attributed the less mobility of the polymer chains due to effects of ATH filler incorporation into crosslinked blend matrix and formation of strong crosslinked network, which as a result decreases the polymer ductility and eventually increases Young's modulus of virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend. [29][30][31] Furthermore, SEM images (fractured tensile tested samples) shown in Figure 4 have further elaborated the ATH filler and MMT nanoclay influence on the mechanical properties.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of flame retardant filler on the mechanical, thermal, rheological and flame retardancy properties of silane crosslinked linear low density polyethylene/low density polyethylene blend nanocomposite

Yussuf

Al‐Saleh

Al-Enezi

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) blend at 70/30 wt% ratio respectively was grafted and crosslinked with aluminum hydroxide (ATH) with and without the presence of montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay using twin screw extruder. The effect of flame retardant ATH loading (5, 10, 15, 20 wt%), with and without the addition of MMT nanoclay, on the mechanical, thermal, rheological, flame retardancy and morphological properties has been studied and reported. The incorporation of ATH filler into crosslinked LLDPE/LDPE blend enhanced all the aforementioned properties; and it was found that increasing ATH content from zero to 20 wt% has improved tensile strength of the virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend by about 16 MPa. However, the addition of MMT nanoclay into the crosslinked LLDPE/LDPE blend with ATH filler, particularly at higher ATH loading (20 wt%), has not significantly increased the tensile strength. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results have shown significant thermal stability improvement for virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend due to crosslinking, increased ATH filler loading, and subsequent addition of MMT nanoclay. However, at onset temperature, lower degradation rate was observed for samples containing higher ATH loading (15 and 20 wt%). At lower frequency region, it was found that the incorporation of higher ATH filler content and MMT nanoclay into crosslinked LLDPE/ LDPE blend have increased the complex viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus for virgin LLDPE/LDPE. The FTIR results have confirmed that silane crosslinking reaction of the virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend has occurred. The results obtained from flammability test, UL-94 tests, showed that the flame retardancy of virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend has improved significantly due to the higher ATH filler loading, with and without the presence of MMT nanoclay filler. It was found that the higher ATH filler loading (20 wt%), addition of MMT nanoclay and subsequent crosslinking in the virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend have exhibited and achieved the best flame retardancy result for virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend. Furthermore, SEM results have also shown that

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The influence of flame retardant filler on the mechanical, thermal, rheological and flame retardancy properties of silane crosslinked linear low density polyethylene/low density polyethylene blend nanocomposite

Yussuf

Al‐Saleh

Al-Enezi

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The most popular E-glass fibers are characterized by the following mechanical properties: a tensile strength of 2700–3000 MPa, elastic modulus of 72–76 GPa, and a maximum application temperature of 380 °C. Much research studied composites reinforced by glass fibers [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basalt/Glass Fiber Polypropylene Hybrid Composites: Mechanical Properties at Different Temperatures and under Cyclic Loading and Micromechanical Modelling

2021

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Basalt/glass fiber polypropylene hybrid composites were developed as subjects of investigation, with the aim to characterize their properties. An injection molding machine was used to produce the test samples. The following three different tests, at various specimen temperatures, were conducted: tensile test, three-point flexural test, and Charpy impact test. To determine fatigue behavior, the samples were uniaxially loaded and unloaded. Mechanical hysteresis loops were recorded and the dissipation energy of each loop was calculated. To determine the adhesion and dispersion between the fibers and the matrix, the fractured surfaces of the various specimens, after the tensile test, were investigated using a scanning electron microscope. The results show that the production of a composite with both basalt and glass fibers, in a polypropylene matrix with maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene, can be successfully achieved. The addition of the two types of fibers increased the tensile strength by 306% and the tensile modulus by 333% for a composition, with 20% by weight, of fibers. The material properties were estimated with the help of a simulation software, and validated with a FEA. A satisfactory correlation between the simulation and measurement data was achieved. The error lays in a range of 2% between the maximum stress values. At a lower strain (up to 0.02), the stress values are very well matched.

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Fire‐retardant and high‐strength polymeric materials enabled by supramolecular aggregates

Liu,

Zhu,

Feng

et al. 2024

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High‐performance polymers have proliferated in modern society across a variety of industries because of their low density, good chemical stability, and superior mechanical properties. However, while polymers are widely applied, frequent fire disasters induced by their intrinsic flammability have caused massive impacts on human beings, the economy, and the environment. Supramolecular chemistry has recently been intensively researched to provide fire retardancy for polymers via the physical barrier and char‐catalyzing effects of supramolecular aggregates. In parallel, the noncovalent interactions between supramolecular and polymer chains, such as hydrogen bonding, π–π interactions, metal–ligand coordination, and synergistic interactions, can endow the matrix with enhanced mechanical strength. This makes it possible to integrate physical–chemical properties and noncovalent interactions into one supramolecular aggregate‐based high‐performance polymeric system on demand. However, fulfilling these promises needs more research. Here, we provide an overview of the latest research advances of fire‐retardant and high‐strength polymer materials based on supramolecular structures and interactions of aggregates. This work reviews their conceptual design, characterization, modification principles, performances, applications, and mechanisms. Finally, development challenges and perspectives on future research are also discussed.

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Flame retardancy and mechanical properties of glass fibre reinforced polyethylene composites filled with novel intumescent flame retardant

Cited by 41 publications

References 36 publications

The influence of flame retardant filler on the mechanical, thermal, rheological and flame retardancy properties of silane crosslinked linear low density polyethylene/low density polyethylene blend nanocomposite

The influence of flame retardant filler on the mechanical, thermal, rheological and flame retardancy properties of silane crosslinked linear low density polyethylene/low density polyethylene blend nanocomposite

Basalt/Glass Fiber Polypropylene Hybrid Composites: Mechanical Properties at Different Temperatures and under Cyclic Loading and Micromechanical Modelling

Fire‐retardant and high‐strength polymeric materials enabled by supramolecular aggregates

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