Flame Retardancy and Mechanism of Cotton Fabric Finished by Phosphorus Containing SiO<sub>2</sub> Hybrid Sol

Zhou, Su; Huangfu, Wenhao; You, Fei; Li, Dan; Fan, Dandan

doi:10.1109/icfsfpe48751.2019.9055847

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Boric acid can be used as an acid source to promote the formation of char layer, produce synergistic effect with silica sol, and reduce the amount of smoke produced by cotton fabric (the maximum pyrolysis temperature of the sample SiO 2 -KH560-ZB@Cotton in Table 3 is advanced, and the char residue increases). In general, the flame retardant effects of cotton fabrics finished by sol-gel gel coating are primarily contributed by the following aspects: SiO 2 sol builds special folding three-dimensional space carrier and provides a framework shielding layer; KH560 and ZB reduce the burning surface temperature, strengthening the stability of the shielding and isolation effect, accelerate the termination of the chain reaction through physical covering and chemical coupling [38–40]. The indispensable individual advantages and obvious synergistic effect are shown especially by the ΔLOI/Δm index.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the flame retardant effects of cotton fabrics finished by sol-gel gel coating are primarily contributed by the following aspects: SiO 2 sol builds special folding three-dimensional space carrier and provides a framework shielding layer; KH560 and ZB reduce the burning surface temperature, strengthening the stability of the shielding and isolation effect, accelerate the termination of the chain reaction through physical covering and chemical coupling [38][39][40]. The indispensable individual advantages and obvious synergistic effect are shown especially by the DLOI/Dm index.…”

Section: Explorations Of Flame-retardant Mechanisms Of Silica-based S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergistically improved flame retardancy of the cotton fabric finished by silica-coupling agent-zinc borate hybrid sol

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2021

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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The sol-gel process has been applied to cotton fabrics to cover the fibers with a silica-based film, which can improve their thermal oxidation and combustion behaviors. Silica sol, silane coupling agent 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH560) and flame retardant zinc borate (ZB) are used together to prepare SiO2-KH560-ZB hybrid sol, which is then finished on the surface of cotton fabric through impregnation and baking. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index analysis (LOI) and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) are used to characterize functional groups, thermal stability and flammability properties of finished fabrics. Surface morphology of sol modified cotton fabrics are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX). Results show the sols are successfully converted into gel coatings onto cotton fabrics, and continuous smoldering phenomenon of resulted fabrics disappears. ΔLOI/Δm of SiO2-KH560-ZB coated cotton fabric reaches the highest of 0.37%/g, char residue rate is as high as 28.43% and the peak heat release rate (PHRR) is reduced by 26.9% (83.7 W/g). KH560 has a significant coupling effect on combining components in the sol system and increases compatibility between sols and cotton fabrics. ZB (cooling, separation, dilution and suppression), silica sol (physical barrier) and KH560 show excellent synergistic effects in enhancing overall flame retardancy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Explorations Of Flame-retardant Mechanisms Of Silica-based S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistically improved flame retardancy of the cotton fabric finished by silica-coupling agent-zinc borate hybrid sol

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2021

Journal of Industrial Textiles

Self Cite

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“…Work [7] employed a sol-gel method. Tetraethyl-orthosilicate and ethanol served as a solvent, and hydrochloric acid, catalyst, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane as a binder for SiO 2 preparations, phosphorus flame retardant and ash to improve the fire-resistance of cotton fabrics.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, according to (7), the mass flow of water through the interface «a hydrophobic coating -the fire-resistant fabric» is described by the following equation:…”

Section: Modeling the Process Of Mass Transfer Under The Action Of Water On The Hydrophobic Coating Of The Fireproof Element Of A Tentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing patterns of mass transfer under the action of water on the hydrophobic coating of the fire-retardant element of a tent

Tsapko

Sirko

Vasylyshyn

et al. 2021

EEJET

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This paper reports an analysis of the flame retardants for fabrics that has revealed the fact that the meagerness of data to explain and describe the process of fire protection, specifically the neglect of elastic coatings, leads to that the structures made from fabrics are ignited under the influence of a flame. Devising reliable methods to study the fire protection conditions for fabrics results in the design of new types of fireproof materials. Therefore, there is a need to determine the conditions for the formation of a barrier for water mass transport and to establish a mechanism for slowing down water penetration through the material. In this regard, an estimation-experimental method has been constructed for determining mass transfer under the action of water when using a hydrophobic coating, which makes it possible to assess water penetration. Based on the experimental data and theoretical dependences, the intensity of mass flow under the action of water has been determined, which is 0.000177 kg/m2, which ensures fabric resistance. The study results have proven that the process of waterproofing the fabric involves inhibition of the mass transfer process under the action of water by insulating the surface of the fireproof fabric with a hydrophobic coating. It should be noted that the presence of a hydrophobic coating leads to blocking the fabric surface from moisture penetration. Such a mechanism behind the effect of the hydrophobic coating is likely the factor in adjusting the process through which the integrity of an object is preserved. Thus, the sample of fireproof fabric coated with a water repellent demonstrated, after exposure to water, that the amount of water absorbed did not exceed 0.00012 kg, and, for a fabric without a water repellent, was 0.01 kg. Thus, there is reason to assert the possibility of targeted adjustment of the processes related to water penetration of the fabric by using hydrophobic coatings that could form a protective layer on the surface of the material, which inhibits the rate of water penetration.

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“…Paper [8] describes the use of the sol-gel method. If one takes tetraethyl orthosilicate and ethanol as a solvent and hydrochloric acid, catalyst, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane as a binder for SiO 2 preparations, then one obtains a phosphorus flame retardant and sol to improve the fire resistance of cotton fabrics.…”

Section: Under the Thermal Action On Wood When Applying A Protective Screen Made From Fire-retardant Fabric The Process Of Temperature Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining patterns of heat transfer through the fire-protected fabric to wood

Tsapko

Bondarenko

2021

EEJET

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Under the thermal action on wood when applying a protective screen made from fire-retardant fabric, the process of temperature transfer is natural. It has been proven that depending on the thermal properties of the coating of fire-proof fabric, this could lead to varying degrees of heat transfer. Therefore, it becomes necessary to study the conditions for establishing low thermal conductivity and establishing a mechanism that inhibits heat transfer to wood. Given this, a mathematical model has been built of the process of heat transfer to wood when it is protected by a screen made of fire-proof fabric. According to the experimental data on determining the temperature on the non-heated surface of the fabric and the resulting dependences, the density of the heat flow transmitted to wood through fire-proof fabric was determined. Thus, with an increase in the temperature, the density of the heat flow to the surface of the wood through a protective screen made of fire-proof protected coating based on "Firewall-Attic" increases to a value above 16 kW/m2, which is not sufficient for ignition of wood. Instead, the density of the heat flow through the protective screen of fire-proof fabric protected by the "Firewall-Wood"-based coating did not exceed 14 kW/m2. This makes it possible to argue about the compliance of the detected mechanism of formation of heat-insulating properties in the protection of wood and the practical attractiveness of the proposed technological solutions. Thus, the peculiarities of inhibition of the process of heat transfer to wood through a protective screen made of fire-proof fabric under the action of a radiation panel imply the formation of a heat-insulating layer of coked cellular material when decomposing the coating. Thus, on the surface of the fire-proof fabric, a temperature above 280 °C was achieved and, on an untreated surface of the fabric, it did not exceed 220 °C, which is insufficient for the ignition of wood.

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Flame Retardancy and Mechanism of Cotton Fabric Finished by Phosphorus Containing SiO₂ Hybrid Sol

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Synergistically improved flame retardancy of the cotton fabric finished by silica-coupling agent-zinc borate hybrid sol

Synergistically improved flame retardancy of the cotton fabric finished by silica-coupling agent-zinc borate hybrid sol

Establishing patterns of mass transfer under the action of water on the hydrophobic coating of the fire-retardant element of a tent

Defining patterns of heat transfer through the fire-protected fabric to wood

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Flame Retardancy and Mechanism of Cotton Fabric Finished by Phosphorus Containing SiO2 Hybrid Sol

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Synergistically improved flame retardancy of the cotton fabric finished by silica-coupling agent-zinc borate hybrid sol

Synergistically improved flame retardancy of the cotton fabric finished by silica-coupling agent-zinc borate hybrid sol

Establishing patterns of mass transfer under the action of water on the hydrophobic coating of the fire-retardant element of a tent

Defining patterns of heat transfer through the fire-protected fabric to wood

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Flame Retardancy and Mechanism of Cotton Fabric Finished by Phosphorus Containing SiO₂ Hybrid Sol