Abstract:The ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM)/flameretardant composites filled with aluminum hydroxide (ATH), magnesium carbonate (MgC) and zinc borate (ZnB) were prepared at different contents 15, 30, and 40 wt%, and irradiated with different gamma radiation doses, namely 50 and 100 kGy. Mechanical properties, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) and swelling in motor and brake oils of the prepared composites were evaluated. Experimental results emphasized that flame resistant partic… Show more
“…In the second stage of thermal decomposition, notice significant modification and enhancement in thermal stability of WPVC/ZnB composites after 300°C telling that the existence of ZnB which late the breakdown process of WPVC in the composites by creating a nonvolatile char barrier, which minimizes the heat transfer from the heat source to polymer substrate. 25 This is evident by the observed increase of residual weight of WPVC/ZnB composites at 600°C represented in Table 2.Figure 7.TGA and DTG thermograms of WPVC/ZnB formulated by melt mixing and casting procedures and irradiated at 30 kGy, Note: Irr: irradiated samples.…”
In several works, scientific researchers targeted the development of polymeric materials with good mechanical and thermal properties and resist heat and fire propagation. In a new approach, this article goals to the usage of waste polyvinyl chloride (WPVC) based polymer composites derived from PVC pipes scrap filled with fixed percent of zinc borate particles (ZnB), which were prepared via two different techniques named melt mixing WPVC/ZnB (M) and casting WPVC/ZnB (C). The fabricated composites by the two methods were irradiated in an electron beam accelerator (EB) at 30 kGy. A comparative study of the thermal and mechanical properties based on stress-strain curves, tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E %), and tear strength were evaluated. Furthermore, the rate of heat burning (%) for the two methods has been performed. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the activation energy (Ea) calculation of the prepared samples have been considered. The observed improvements in the mechanical, thermal, and flammability behavior of WPVC were succeeded by incorporating ZnB particles. The irradiated WPVC loaded with zinc borate presented a superior flame propagation fraction when matched with their corresponding unirradiated composites. Also, WPVC composite films prepared via the melt mixing method reveal more excellent properties than those equipped by the casting process for the most investigated factors.
“…In the second stage of thermal decomposition, notice significant modification and enhancement in thermal stability of WPVC/ZnB composites after 300°C telling that the existence of ZnB which late the breakdown process of WPVC in the composites by creating a nonvolatile char barrier, which minimizes the heat transfer from the heat source to polymer substrate. 25 This is evident by the observed increase of residual weight of WPVC/ZnB composites at 600°C represented in Table 2.Figure 7.TGA and DTG thermograms of WPVC/ZnB formulated by melt mixing and casting procedures and irradiated at 30 kGy, Note: Irr: irradiated samples.…”
In several works, scientific researchers targeted the development of polymeric materials with good mechanical and thermal properties and resist heat and fire propagation. In a new approach, this article goals to the usage of waste polyvinyl chloride (WPVC) based polymer composites derived from PVC pipes scrap filled with fixed percent of zinc borate particles (ZnB), which were prepared via two different techniques named melt mixing WPVC/ZnB (M) and casting WPVC/ZnB (C). The fabricated composites by the two methods were irradiated in an electron beam accelerator (EB) at 30 kGy. A comparative study of the thermal and mechanical properties based on stress-strain curves, tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E %), and tear strength were evaluated. Furthermore, the rate of heat burning (%) for the two methods has been performed. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the activation energy (Ea) calculation of the prepared samples have been considered. The observed improvements in the mechanical, thermal, and flammability behavior of WPVC were succeeded by incorporating ZnB particles. The irradiated WPVC loaded with zinc borate presented a superior flame propagation fraction when matched with their corresponding unirradiated composites. Also, WPVC composite films prepared via the melt mixing method reveal more excellent properties than those equipped by the casting process for the most investigated factors.
“…The decrease in the strain at break can be based on the fact that ZnB and GnP possess more active sites in the PMMA matrix that restrain the motion of the molecule in the PMMA matrix. [ 65 ] Due to this phenomenon, the matrix loses its ability against elastic deformation, and composites have lower strain at the break. [ 66 ] Agglomeration of ZnB and combination of ZnB and GnP in PMMA matrices reported in the electron microscopy section of this paper tends to support tensile strength and strain at break.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is obvious that SEM micrographs imply that ZnB and GnP represented large particles that create discontinues in the PMMA‐based composites, thus resulting in poor stress transfer across the interface and a decrease in tensile strength and strain at the break when ZnB or a combination of ZnB and GnP content is too high. [ 22,65 ] It can be seen from the EDS results that PMMA includes mostly oxygen (O) and carbon (C) elements in its structure due to the organic group in PMMA. The GnP phase could not have been detected in the EDS analysis due to its low concentration (0.025 wt%) in the composites and elemental compositions (C and O).…”
The use of graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) as reinforcing material for thermoplastic polymer matrices, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and zinc borate (ZnB), as an antimicrobial and fire‐retardant agent was studied. PMMA‐ZnB and PMMA‐GnP‐ZnB (ZG) composite films were fabricated with different ZnB concentrations (2.5, 5, 10 wt%) by solvent casting method using acetone. The effect of additives on the antimicrobial activity, thermal and mechanical properties, and surface morphologies of the composites were investigated. Antimicrobial surface activity tests were conducted against seven microorganisms, including bacterial and fungal species. An improvement in antimicrobial activity by up to 99.99% with increasing ZnB content was observed. Thermal stability was increased with increasing concentration of ZnB and a combination of ZnB and GnP additions. 10% ZG‐based composites increased the % char residue value of PMMA from 0.5% to 9.3%. The incorporation of the ZnB and GnP into the PMMA matrix resulted in an increase in the calculated limiting oxygen index (LOI). 10% and 50% weight loss temperature increased by 11.7°C and 3.7°C, respectively, for 10% ZG composites. The Young's modulus of the composites increased with increasing ZnB and a combination of ZnB and GnP loading (increasing by 16% to 2033 MPa with the addition of 10 wt% ZG). The commercial application for this study would be in high touch and piano black automotive interior, construction, and medical applications.
“…Results designated that swelling values are higher in motor than fluid oil and this can be enlarged on the foundation of the fact that motor oil has been establish to have higher interface with the blends, proposing the nearer solubility factor values. 43 Swelling percentage of SBR clearly decreased with DWR loading than WR. This may be due to degree of the compatibility between DWR and virgin SBR more than that of SBR/WR.…”
Section: Oil Resistance Of Prepared Compositesmentioning
Replacement of virgin polymer with its waste become one of the special technique that capture the efforts of many researchers and industrialists alike. In this context, this work discussed the partial replacement of waste tire rubber (WR) and microwave devulcanized rubber (DWR) at different ratios on the properties of virgin styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) as one of the most essential components of synthetic rubber in the tire production. Fixed percent of tetramethylthiuram disulfide and spindle oil were added at the first, then the WR mixture was exposed to different microwave times. Microwave devulcanization value at time 6 min gave the highest devulcanization percent. The prepared blends were exposed in an electron beam accelerator (EB) at 50 and 100 kGy. FTIR, different mechanical parameters, thermal stability (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy of the fabricated specimens have been explained. Effect of automotive oil and thermal aging at different temperature, 70oC and 100oC on the tensile strength and elongation at break (E%) of the unirradiated and irradiated prepared blends have been estimated. Mechanical measurements of all examined specimens after thermal aging and oil immersion were least affected. Moreover, these factors before and after oil dipping and thermal aging revealed that unirradiated and irradiated SBR/DWR blends have superior properties than SBR/WR.
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