Flame Retardancy and Pyrolysis Products of Calcium Alginate Fibers

Zhang, Chuan Jie; Zhu, Ping; Zhao, Jianhong; Zhang, Nan Nan

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.346

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Sodium alginate is a desirable candidate for aqueous processing [16], and alginate fibers have been prepared by wet-spinning process because of the gelation properties of alginate [15], such as calcium alginate fibers, copper alginate fibers, barium alginate fibers, and zinc alginate fibers. These alginate fibers except for copper alginate are the inherently flame-retardant materials with better flame-retardant properties compared with that of alginic fibers [17][18][19][20]. The effects of these divalent metal ions on the thermal degradation properties, flame-retardant properties, and pyrolysis properties of alginate fibers were investigated by Xia et al [17,18] and Zhu [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These alginate fibers except for copper alginate are the inherently flame-retardant materials with better flame-retardant properties compared with that of alginic fibers [17][18][19][20]. The effects of these divalent metal ions on the thermal degradation properties, flame-retardant properties, and pyrolysis properties of alginate fibers were investigated by Xia et al [17,18] and Zhu [20]. The results indicated that divalent metal ions improved the flame-retardant properties of alginate fibers, and that decreased the thermal stabilities and the kinds of gaseous products in the alginate pyrolysis process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of manganese and cobalt ions on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of bio-based alginate films

et al. 2015

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Bio-based cobalt alginate and manganese alginate films were prepared by a facile ionic exchange and casting approach. Their flame retardancy, thermal degradation, and pyrolysis properties were investigated by vertical burning (UL-94), limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis, microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared analysis (TG-FTIR), and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). It showed that cobalt alginate film had much higher LOI value (45.0 %) than those of manganese alginate film (30.7 %) and sodium alginate film (24.5 %). Moreover, cobalt alginate film passed UL-94 V-0 rating, while manganese alginate and sodium alginate films showed no rating. Importantly, peak of heat release rate of cobalt alginate and manganese alginate in MCC test was much lower than that of sodium alginate, suggesting that the addition of cobalt ion and manganese ion decreases the release of combustible gases. TG-FTIR and Py-GC-MS results indicated that cobalt alginate and manganese alginate produced much less gaseous products than that of sodium alginate. Finally, a possible thermal degradation mechanism of cobalt alginate and manganese alginate had been proposed. The results provided useful information for understanding flame-retardant mechanism of alginate as well as for designing bio-based materials with excellent fire-retardant properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of manganese and cobalt ions on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of bio-based alginate films

et al. 2015

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“…Compared to standard cotton fibers, these exhibit phenomenal performance. During the initial thermal decomposition of these Ca 2+ -AG fibers from 200 to 350 • C, the decomposition products are extremely varied-however, between 350 and 600 • C a transition to only CaCO 3 and Ca(OH) 2 as products occurs, demonstrating a preference for carbonization incurred by the presence of the Ca 2+ cations [66].…”

Section: Polymer Loimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alginate (AG) is natural carbohydrate salt (of alginic acid) found within various algae species (red or brown) and seaweed [6]; it can be extracted pure as an anionic, random block copolymer of β-1, 4-D-mannuronic acid (M) and gluronic acid (also known as α-1, 4-L-guluronate; G) within regions of MM, GG, and GM/MG units [6,52]. This structure is highly malleable with films, fibers, and aerogels processable in facile conditions and at relatively low cost [6,[60][61][62][63][64][65][66].…”

Section: Polymer Loimentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomolecules as Flame Retardant Additives for Polymers: A Review

Watson

Schiraldi

2020

Polymers

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Biological molecules can be obtained from natural sources or from commercial waste streams and can serve as effective feedstocks for a wide range of polymer products. From foams to epoxies and composites to bulk plastics, biomolecules show processability, thermal stability, and mechanical adaptations to fulfill current material requirements. This paper summarizes the known bio-sourced (or bio-derived), environmentally safe, thermo-oxidative, and flame retardant (BEST-FR) additives from animal tissues, plant fibers, food waste, and other natural resources. The flammability, flame retardance, and—where available—effects on polymer matrix’s mechanical properties of these materials will be presented. Their method of incorporation into the matrix, and the matrices for which the BEST-FR should be applicable will also be made known if reported. Lastly, a review on terminology and testing methodology is provided with comments on future developments in the field.

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“…Calcium alginate, barium alginate, copper alginate, and zinc alginate were reported to be inherent flame retardants, and the effects of these divalent metal ions on the flame retardant and thermal properties of alginate have been investigated [15][16][17][18][19]. Plenty of research has focused on water-insoluble calcium alginate, which can be easily produced via ion exchange reactions between Ca 2+ and Na + with favorable biodegradability and biocompatibility [20][21][22]. However, the extensive application, besides the food and pharmacy industries, of calcium alginate is limited by its poor thermal resistance and the high cost of sodium alginate as the raw material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Alginate Hybrid Sponge with High Thermal Stability: Its Flame Retardant Properties and Mechanism

et al. 2019

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The worldwide applications of polyurethane (PU) and polystyrene (PS) sponge materials have been causing massive non-renewable resource consumption and huge loss of property and life due to its high flammability. Finding a biodegradable and regenerative sponge material with desirable thermal and flame retardant properties remains challenging to date. In this study, bio-based, renewable calcium alginate hybrid sponge materials (CAS) with high thermal stability and flame retardancy were fabricated through a simple, eco-friendly, in situ, chemical-foaming process at room temperature, followed by a facile and economical post-cross-linking method to obtain the organic-inorganic (CaCO 3 ) hybrid materials. The microstructure of CAS showed desirable porous networks with a porosity rate of 70.3%, indicating that a great amount of raw materials can be saved to achieve remarkable cost control. The sponge materials reached a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 39, which was greatly improved compared with common sponge. Moreover, with only 5% calcium carbonate content, the initial thermal degradation temperature of CAS was increased by 70 • C (from 150 to 220 • C), compared to that of calcium alginate, which met the requirements of high-temperature resistant and nonflammable materials. The thermal degradation mechanism of CAS was supposed based on the experimental data. The combined results suggest promising prospects for the application of CAS in a range of fields and the sponge materials provide an alternative for the commonly used PU and PS sponge materials.

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Flame Retardancy and Pyrolysis Products of Calcium Alginate Fibers

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Effect of manganese and cobalt ions on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of bio-based alginate films

Effect of manganese and cobalt ions on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of bio-based alginate films

Biomolecules as Flame Retardant Additives for Polymers: A Review

An Alginate Hybrid Sponge with High Thermal Stability: Its Flame Retardant Properties and Mechanism

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