Flame retardancy mechanisms of aryl phosphates in combination with boehmite in bisphenol A polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blends

Pawlowski, Kristin H.; Schartel, Bernhard

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.01.002

Cited by 105 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The improved flammability behavior of the TPP-nano system was attributed to the enhanced barrier properties of their hybrid and also to improved char formation due to increased viscosity. 1 The comprehensive effect of TPP on the LOI test results and, from the other side, the significant effect of nanoclay on the cone calorimetry test results of the nanocomposites were the reasons for the use of their hybrid as an FR package for the PC/ABS resin.…”

Section: Loi and Ul94 Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a nanoclay/triphenyl phosphate hybrid system on the fire retardancy of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blend

Feyz

Jahani

Esfandeh

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effect of a hybrid system of nanoclay and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) on the fire retardancy of a polycarbonate (PC)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) blend was examined in this study. The nanoclay in the polymers decreased the peak heat release rates (PHRRs) with no significant effect on the ease of ignition and times to extinguishment. Improvements in the flame retardancy were observed only when nanoparticles were used with conventional flame-retardant (FR) additives. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimetry, and limited oxygen index (LOI)/UL 94 (Underwriters Laboratory) testing were used to investigate the thermal degradation, fire behavior, and flammability of the materials. The results show that when we used a combination of TPP and nanoclay as an FR system, degradation of the polymer blends was reduced as the TGA curves shifted to higher temperatures. PHRR in cone calorimetry testing decreased from 1032 kW/m 2 for the PC/ABS blend to 300 kW/m 2 for the PC/ABS/(12% TPP-2% nanoclay) sample, and the LOI increased from 23 to 35%, respectively. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: [3435][3436][3437][3438][3439][3440][3441][3442] 2011

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Section: Loi and Ul94 Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 PC/ABS blends require modifications to decrease their flammability through the addition of flame-retardant (FR) compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a nanoclay/triphenyl phosphate hybrid system on the fire retardancy of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blend

Feyz

Jahani

Esfandeh

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…To date mainly layered silicates but also carbon nanotubes, POSS, metal oxides and boehmite have been used to enhance the flame retardancy efficiency of halogen-free compounds [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Thereby, the results for combining conventional flame-retardants varied from worsening the flame retardancy effect to synergistic enhancement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame-Retardancy Properties of Intumescent Ammonium Poly(Phosphate) and Mineral Filler Magnesium Hydroxide in Combination with Graphene

et al. 2014

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Thermally reduced graphite oxide (TRGO), containing only four single carbon layers on average, was combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and magnesium hydroxide (MH), respectively, in polypropylene (PP). The nanoparticle's influence on different flame-retarding systems and possible synergisms in pyrolysis, reaction to small flame, fire behavior and mechanical properties were determined. TRGO has a positive effect on the yield stress, which is decreased by both flame-retardants and acts as a synergist with regard to Young's modulus. The applicability and effects of TRGO as an adjuvant in combination with conventional flame-retardants depends strongly on the particular flame-retardancy mechanism. In the intumescent system, even small concentrations of TRGO change the viscosity of the pyrolysing melt crucially. In case of oxygen index (OI) and UL 94 test, the addition of increasing amounts of TRGO to PP/APP had a negative impact on the oxygen index and the UL 94 classification. Nevertheless, systems with only low amounts (≤1 wt%) of TRGO achieved V-0 classification in the UL 94 test and high oxygen indices (>31 vol%). TRGO strengthens the residue structure of MH and therefore functions as a strong synergist in terms of OI and UL 94 classification (from HB to V-0).

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“…These show that composites reinforced with boehmite exhibit higher fire resistance in comparison with pure poly(methyl methacrylate) [12], improve the char-forming property in ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers [9] and combined with phosphorous-based additives in polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene enhance the barrier layer of the fire residue during the combustion [13]. It has been also reported that modified boehmite with tributyl phosphate reduces the peak heat release rates and the time of ignition of polyurethanes [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Synthesis and characterization of thermoplastic composites filled with γ‐boehmite for fire resistance

et al. 2010

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SUMMARYThis paper explores the use of boehmite as a fire retardant in low-density polyethylene and polyamide 6. The structure and morphology of the filler are characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The water content of our boehmite is estimated about 30% by thermogravimetric analysis. The filler/matrix interactions in nanocomposites are investigated by means of thermo-physical measurements: differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetry. The resulting morphology shows particles individually dispersed in the matrix. The fire tests present a fire-resistance effect at low filler content despite a different behavior as a function of the matrix. For instance, with only 2% volume of boehmite, the burning time of LDPE composite is significantly increased by 15%. At the same filler content in PA6, the burning time is solely increased by 4.5%. On the other hand, the limiting oxygen index is increased by +7.0% (only 2.6% with LDPE composites).

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Flame retardancy mechanisms of aryl phosphates in combination with boehmite in bisphenol A polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blends

Cited by 105 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of a nanoclay/triphenyl phosphate hybrid system on the fire retardancy of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blend

Effect of a nanoclay/triphenyl phosphate hybrid system on the fire retardancy of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blend

Flame-Retardancy Properties of Intumescent Ammonium Poly(Phosphate) and Mineral Filler Magnesium Hydroxide in Combination with Graphene

Synthesis and characterization of thermoplastic composites filled with γ‐boehmite for fire resistance

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