Flame retardancy of biocomposites based on thermoplastic starch

Bocz, Katalin; Szolnoki, Beáta; Władyka-Przybylak, Maria; Bujnowicz, K.; Harakály, György; Bodzay, Brigitta; Zimonyi, E.; Toldy, Andrea; Marosi, György

doi:10.14314/polimery.2013.385

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…This decrease in viscosity can be explained by the increased molecular space and mobility of starch chains when glycerol-phosphate is incorporated. Similar plasticizing behaviour was observed previously, when a longer-chain phosphorus-containing polyol (Exolit OP560) was studied as a flame retardant plasticizer in starch [11]. The two types of plasticized starch blends (TPS and TPS-GP) were compared by TGA measurement.…”

Section: Plasticizing Effect Of Gpsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Our strategy relating to the use of a P-containing plasticizer in TPS relies on the recently reported study on a commercial P-containing polyol (OP560) applied successfully in TPS both as plasticizer and as flame retardant agent [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The non-toxic phosphorus-based compounds can effectively initiate the charring of fibres [11,12], however, due to the application of these treatments the initial decomposition temperature of natural fibres significantly decreases (even by 90 ˚C) [11,16]. The reduced thermal stability can be a serious issue, both from mechanical and aesthetic aspects, when the natural fibres are intended to be used as fillers or reinforcements in polymer composites, especially when thermoplastic matrices with processing temperatures above 140 C (such as PP, PA, PET and also PLA) are considered.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Flax fibre reinforced PLA/TPS biocomposites flame retarded with multifunctional additive system

Bocz

Szolnoki

Marosi

et al. 2014

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Fully biodegradable composites were developed, possessing prominent mechanical performance and reduced flammability at the same time. The manufactured composites consisted of PLA/TPS biopolymer *Corresponding author: tel: +36 1-463-3654, e-mail: gmarosi@mail.bme.hu, address: Budafoki út 8, Budapest, 1111, Hungary matrices reinforced with chopped flax fibres. The flammability of the prepared biocomposites was reduced by a newly synthesized multifunctional additive system. Glycerol phosphate (GP), a plasticizer of starch with flame retardant potential, and a novel phosphorous-silane (PSil), applied as a surface treating agent of the reinforcing biofibres, were successfully combined in order to reduce the flammability of the prepared biocomposites. Owing to the beneficial effect of the applied multifunctional additive system, a loading of as low as 10 wt% of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) proved to be sufficient to provide prominent levels of flame retardancy to the composites, i.e. V-0 rating according to UL94, 33 vol% LOI and a 40% reduction of heat emission were achieved. Furthermore, the combined application of the surface treated reinforcing flax fibres and plasticizer in the biodegradable, flame retarded biocomposites resulted in well-balanced strength and stiffness.

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Section: Plasticizing Effect Of Gpsupporting

confidence: 57%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Flax fibre reinforced PLA/TPS biocomposites flame retarded with multifunctional additive system

Bocz

Szolnoki

Marosi

et al. 2014

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…Most of them study the influence of fiber type and amount usually by determining properties at one or two fiber contents. All kinds of fibers have been used as filler in TPS including various forms of cellulose [6,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], jute [18,[25][26][27], sisal [28][29][30][31][32][33], wheat straw [13], flax [23,34] hemp [13,28,35,36], cotton [13,37,38], flax [19,39], ramie [20,40].According to the existing literature a relatively small number of papers have been published which consider the practical relevance of TPS/wood composites [7,[41][42][43][44][45][46]. There are even fewer paper about systematic experiments carried out as a function of fiber content in a wide composition range [2,41,…”

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confidence: 99%

Thermoplastic Starch/Wood Composites: Effect of Processing Technology, Interfacial Interactions and Particle Characteristics

Fekete

Kun

Móczó

2017

Period. Polytech. Chem. Eng.

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IntroductionRecently a growing interest has been shown in the application of biopolymers as packaging materials in order to reduce the environmental pollution caused by plastic waste and to achieve sustainable development. Starch is considered as one of the most promising biopolymers because it is readily available, cheap and biodegradable. Starch is a semicrystalline polymer and it represents the major form of stored carbohydrates in plants. Starch is a mixture of two substances composed of α-D glucopyranosyl repeating units, an essentially linear polysaccharide-amylose and a highly branched polysaccharideamylopectin. One of the major problems with granular starch is its limited processability, which can be improved by the use of plasticizers. Thermoplastic starch can be obtained by the destruction of the starch granules in the presence of plasticizers under specific conditions. Polyols such as glycerol, glycols as well as water are the most widely used plasticizers [1][2][3]. The main disadvantages of TPS are its pronounced hydrophilic character and inadequate mechanical properties. The inferior properties of TPS can be improved by the incorporation of other materials (natural fibers, nanoclays, or other biodegradable polymers) [1,2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].A considerable number of papers deal with the effect of natural fibers on the properties of thermoplastic starch. Most of them study the influence of fiber type and amount usually by determining properties at one or two fiber contents. All kinds of fibers have been used as filler in TPS including various forms of cellulose [6,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], jute [18,[25][26][27], sisal [28][29][30][31][32][33], wheat straw [13], flax [23,34] hemp [13,28,35,36], cotton [13,37,38], flax [19,39], ramie [20,40].According to the existing literature a relatively small number of papers have been published which consider the practical relevance of TPS/wood composites [7,[41][42][43][44][45][46]. There are even fewer paper about systematic experiments carried out as a function of fiber content in a wide composition range [2,41,42], furthermore, it is very difficult to find publications on the effect of processing methods on the properties of TPS/wood composites. In our earlier work we investigated different TPS/wood composites prepared by injection molding [47].

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“…candlewick effect, several inorganic phosphorous compounds have already been applied (phosphoric acid, ammonium phosphates [9,10,11]) in thermoplastic composites. Several papers deal with the flame retardancy of thermoplastic biocomposites by incorporating flame retardants (FRs) into the matrix [12,13,14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of natural fibre reinforced flame retarded epoxy resin composites

Szolnoki

Bocz

Sóti

et al. 2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Natural hemp fabric reinforced epoxy resin composites were prepared in flame retarded form.Fabrics were treated in three ways: the first method involved the immersion of preheated fabric into cold phosphoric acid solution (allowing penetration into the capillaries of the fibres) and subsequent neutralization, the second way was a reactive modification carried out with an aminosilane-type coupling agent, while the third treatment combined the sol-gel surface coating with the first method. The introduction of P-content into the reinforcing fibres resulted in decreased flammability of not only the hemp fabrics, but also of the flame retardancy of epoxy composites, comprising it changed advantageously. By applying aminetype phosphorus-containing curing agent (TEDAP) in combination with the treated fabrics, V-0 UL-94 rating was achieved. Composites of unexpectedly improved static and dynamic mechanical properties could be prepared only when the simple phosphorous fibre treatment and reactive flame retardancy was combined. . This problem can be solved or moderated by using flame retarded biofibres combined with matrix containing flame retardant additive, by which way the polymer concentration of the matrix and thus its strength can maintained [16,17,18].In this work the idea of flame retarded reinforcement was adapted to epoxy resin composites, by combining it with P-containing crosslinking agent as reactive flame retardant in the matrix.Hemp fabrics were selected for forming flame retarded reinforcement and a P-containing amine [19,20] was applied as curing agent in the FR matrix composites. Materials and methods MaterialsThe epoxy Fabric treatmentTwill woven hemp fabrics (HF) were washed with water to remove dust and impurities and then dried in oven at 70 °C for 12 h. The fibres were treated in three ways in order to render them flame retardant. In the first case, the so-called thermotex procedure [21] was applied.The high-temperature treatment of the fabrics allows better absorption of the treating solution to the capillaries of the fabric. For this purpose, the fabrics were preheated at 120 °C for 2 h, and then immersed in cold 17 mass% phosphoric acid solution for 5 min. The ratio of fabric to phosphoric acid solution was 1 g to 10 ml. As the acid may induce long-term degradation in cellulose fibre structure, it was neutralized by immersing the fabrics in 5% ammonium hydroxide solution. The excess of the treating and neutralizing solutions were removed by pressing the fabrics by a foulard. After treatment, the fabrics were dried in air. The amount of the absorbed phosphorus was determined by the mass increase of the treated fibres and by elemental analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (see section 2.3.3). The mass increase of the THF fibres was 8 mass%, which means the absorption of 1.7 mass% of P (1.65 mass% by elemental analysis).In the other case, sol-gel treatment of the fabrics was carried out using Geniosil GF-9 aminetype silane. The fabrics were immersed in 10 mass% toluene solution...

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Flame retardancy of biocomposites based on thermoplastic starch

Cited by 23 publications

References 2 publications

Flax fibre reinforced PLA/TPS biocomposites flame retarded with multifunctional additive system

Flax fibre reinforced PLA/TPS biocomposites flame retarded with multifunctional additive system

Thermoplastic Starch/Wood Composites: Effect of Processing Technology, Interfacial Interactions and Particle Characteristics

Development of natural fibre reinforced flame retarded epoxy resin composites

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