2013
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.04.009
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Flame retardancy through carbon nanomaterials: Carbon black, multiwall nanotubes, expanded graphite, multi-layer graphene and graphene in polypropylene

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Cited by 309 publications
(177 citation statements)
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“…During combustion of the non-charring polymers, nanoparticles form residue layers on top of the sample, which act as heat shields and reduce the heat input from the gas phase to the pyrolysis zone [14][15][16]. Nanocomposites burn with the typical features of residue-forming materials and have a peak heat release rate up to 85% lower than the neat polymer [17,18].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…During combustion of the non-charring polymers, nanoparticles form residue layers on top of the sample, which act as heat shields and reduce the heat input from the gas phase to the pyrolysis zone [14][15][16]. Nanocomposites burn with the typical features of residue-forming materials and have a peak heat release rate up to 85% lower than the neat polymer [17,18].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An increase in nanocomposites' melt viscosity hinders the polymer material from dripping or flowing away from the pyrolysis zone and thus from cooling it. The latest proposals for flame-retardant nanofillers are graphene particles, which have already proved to have the strongest influence on non-charring polymer properties and especially on the burning behavior within the group of carbon (nano)particles [16,19,20].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From the review of source literature, it follows that the incorporation of carbon nanofillers, especially graphene into the polymeric matrix, distinctly increases the value of heat conductivity of nanocomposites, which facilitates the reduction in their flammability. The heat reaching the sample surface is transferred to its interior, which decreases the temperature of the sample surface, resulting in a reduction in the efficiency of thermo-oxidative processes, quantity of gases and liquid products of thermal decomposition, and consequently the retardation of ignition [44].…”
Section: Flammability Of Nanocompositesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The flame retardant effect of these nanoparticles has been attributed to char formation on top of the burning polymer, creating an efficient physical barrier that protects the substrate from heat and oxygen, slowing down the escape of flammable volatiles generated during polymer degradation [15]. It should also be mentioned that within the latest proposals for flame-retardant nanofillers, graphene nanoparticles have already proved to have the influence on polymer burning behavior [16,17].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%