In order to efficiently exploit solar-thermal energy,
it is essential
to develop form-stable phase-change material (PCM) composites simultaneously
with superior solar-thermal storage efficiency, excellent flame retardancy,
and improved thermal conductivity. Herein, phytic acid (PA)-modified,
zinc oxide-deposited, and surface-carbonized delignified woods (PZCDWs)
were constructed by alkaline boiling, PA modification, ZnO deposition,
and surface carbonization. Then, novel form-stable PCMs (PZPCMs) with
superior solar-thermal storage efficiency, excellent flame retardancy,
and improved thermal conductivity were fabricated by impregnating n-docosane into PZCDWs under vacuum. The PZCDW aerogels
can well support the n-docosane and overcome liquid
leakage owing to their superior surface tension and strong capillary
force. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that PZPCMs
possessed superior n-docosane encapsulation yield
and high phase-change enthalpy (185.2–213.1 J/g). Decorating
delignified wood by surface carbonization and ZnO deposition significantly
improved the solar-thermal conversion efficiency (up to 86.2%) and
thermal conductivity (193.3% increased) of PCM composites. Furthermore,
with the introduction of PA into PZPCMs, the peak heat release rate
and total heat release of the PCM composites decreased considerably,
indicating the enhanced flame retardancy of PZPCMs. In conclusion,
the novel renewable wood-based PCM composites demonstrate promising
potential in solar energy harnessing and thermal modulation technologies.