Flame retardant and thermal decomposition properties of flexible polyurethane foams filled with several halogen-free flame retardants

Abstract

Expandable graphite (EG), dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), melamine (MEL), zinc borate (ZB), or magnesium hydroxide (MH) was separately added to polyurethane to form flame retardant flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) in one-step. The cell morphologies of the FPUF composites before and after burning were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), their flammability was evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests, and their thermal stability and evolved gaseous products were examined by thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR). The results indicated that all the five flame retardants could improve the flame retardant performance of FPUF on the basis of their own mechanism. DMMP possessed the highest flame retardant efficiency, and one of the important reasons was that it could promote the formation of char. EG could inhibit molten drop of FPUF during burning effectively. All the five flame retardants could decrease the maximum decomposition velocity mainly because of their heat absorption effect. ZB displayed an excellent inhibition ability for the release of the evolved gaseous products because of its adsorption effect. All the flame retardants except DMMP were capable to decrease the CO yield at the temperature (400

The Effect of Soluble Ammonium Polyphosphate on the Properties of Water Blown Semirigid Polyurethane Foams

“…Polyurethane foam is regarded as a versatile polymeric material for its comparatively excellent properties such as low density, high specific strength, great insulation, large specific surface area, and good sound-absorbing performance. Polyurethane foam is more easily burned compared to other foams since there are many easily decomposing urea bonds in it [1]. Thus, it is necessary to improve the flame retardant property of polyurethane foam [2,3].…”

Bi‐phase flame‐retardant effect of dimethyl methylphosphonate and modified ammonium polyphosphate on rigid polyurethane foam

“…The initial decomposition temperature ( T d,5% ) of RPUF/DMMP/MAPP composites was much lower than that of pure RPUF and RPUF/MAPP composite. This is because the DMMP decomposes into PO·and PO 2 ·free radicals at lower thermal decomposition temperature . Relative to pure RPUF, the temperature of maximum mass loss rate in the first stage ( T max1 ) for RPUF/20MAPP decreased from 334.9°C to 298.0°C.…”

“…This is because the DMMP decomposes into PO·and PO 2 ·free radicals at lower thermal decomposition temperature. 29,30 Relative to pure RPUF, the temperature of maximum mass loss rate in the first stage (T max1 ) for RPUF/20MAPP decreased from 334.9°C to 298.0°C. When DMMP was added into the matrix, the T max1 of RPUF/DMMP/MAPP composites was similar to that of RPUF/MAPP composite.…”

Synergistic effect of organically modified zinc aluminum layered double hydroxide in intumescent flame‐retarding polypropylene composites containing melamine phytate and dipentaerythritol

“…Besides, the spectra of O 1s of char residue presents two bands at 531. 7 [30,31]. XPS spectra of N 1s is a peak with binding energy at 400.1 eV, which is originated from the quaternary nitrogen in NH 4 + groups.…”