Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites: An Overview

Abstract

The overwhelming use of polymer as substitutes for metal, glass, wood, and ceramic has posed the challenge to develop polymer with flame retardant behavior after chemical modification and making composites for effective use of polymer in a wide range of applications. In this context, the present review article describes the advances in the preparation of flame retardant polymer nanocomposite (FPNC) along with the mechanism and properties. The evolved properties of FPNCs are discussed along with illustration and applications such as coating, sheet, and films for different applications in the light chemical composition, size confinement, and dimension alignments.

Effect of flame retardants and 1% stabiliser on thermal decomposition and physics properties of thermoplastic polymer due to TGA and DTA tests

“…Selected samples are the presence of maleic-anhydride grafted polypropylene, APP, and clay in PP (sample 3 (PP-NOR-NH)) has encouraged char formation [10] whereas no char could be seen for the control sample 3, which when still a molten polymer, whereas no char could be observed for samples containing clays excluding samples 1, 2 and 6 where char could be found. These have also been included to improve the dispersion of the clay [3], the dispersion and heat diffusion appear to be much better for samples 3 and 4. The differences are due to the effect of different flame retardants on the dispersion of the clay [5,3] Obvious char formation is not apparent until both clay and flame retardant are present together, this behavior is not unexpected as clay presence changes melting and residual char behavior of polymer by reducing its thermoplastic.…”

“…These have also been included to improve the dispersion of the clay [3], the dispersion and heat diffusion appear to be much better for samples 3 and 4. The differences are due to the effect of different flame retardants on the dispersion of the clay [5,3] Obvious char formation is not apparent until both clay and flame retardant are present together, this behavior is not unexpected as clay presence changes melting and residual char behavior of polymer by reducing its thermoplastic.…”

“…Differential thermal techniques such as TGA-DTA (TA, SDT 2960) have been used in this work. TGA and DTA tests, (Table 2 and Table 3) were conducted using a standard procedure [3]. The melting and degradation behaviors of each sample, Table 1 was observed and noted.…”

“…Additive flame retardants if used, are required in large amounts (>20% w/w) to provide the required fire protection to products [1], this flame retardancy effect increases with increasing irradiation and vanishes with decreasing irradiation [2][3]. However, such high levels of additives cause polymer processing problems, in particular for their extrusion into thin films or fibers.…”

“…A detailed understanding facilitates the launch of tailored and targeted development [3]. TGA and DTA tests still require some amount of conventional flame retardants.…”