Flame‐retarded polyethylene terephthalate with carbon microspheres/magnesium hydroxide compound flame retardant

Abstract

Summary A novel compound flame retardant (carbon microspheres/magnesium hydroxide, abbreviated as CMSs/MH) was used to improve the fire performance of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). LOI, UL94, and Cone test results showed that CMSs/MH/PET composites obtained the best fire performance at the mass ratio of CMSs to MH, which was 5:5, where the CMSs/MH content was 1.0 wt. % of PET. The Py‐CS‐MS, TGA‐DSC results, and morphology of char residue revealed the flame‐retardant mechanism. CMSs/MH increased the thermal stability of PET by increasing the activation energy at the initial combustion stage. At the second stage of combustion, CMSs/MH increased the chance of recombination of free radicals and slowed the combustion. Additionally, CMSs/MH promoted the cross‐linking of pyrolysis products and further improved the continuity of the char layer. Thus, a dense and continuous char layer of CMSs/MH/PET composites was produced; this char layer reduced the heat release rate and increased the amount of char residue.

A macromolecular halogen‐free flame retardant and its effect on the properties of thermoplastic polyesters

“…For PET, metal salts of dialkylphosphinates (eg, aluminum diethylphosphinate) are commercially available . Academic research focused on carbon nanomaterials, cyclotriphosphazene systems, and derivatives of DOPO (9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide) …”

“…7 Academic research focused on carbon nanomaterials, cyclotriphosphazene systems, and derivatives of DOPO (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide). [12][13][14] During the last years, general problems with unintended release of additives of low molecular weight have led to the development of polymeric flame retardants. Due to their macromolecular structure, these systems are considered to be nonleeching, nonblooming, and nonbioaccumulative.…”

Functionalization of PET with Phosphazene Grafted Graphene Oxide for Synthesis, Flammability, and Mechanism

“…DSC data of neat PET and its composites. 4 T max is the maximum mass loss rate temperature. 5 C w is the char residue weight at 700.…”

“…Tcc is cold crystallization temperature 3. Tmc is melting crystallization temperature 4. Tm is melting temperature.…”

Synergistic Flame Retardant Effect of Organic Phosphorus–Nitrogen and Inorganic Boron Flame Retardant on Polyethylene

“…Nitrogen‐based flame retardants decompose to produce a large number of noncombustible gases, which dilute combustible volatiles released by decomposition of combustible materials . Generally, in order to improve the flame retardant efficiency, the flame retardant system contains both phosphorus and nitrogen .…”