Flame retarded self-reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites of outstanding impact resistance

Abstract

Impact resistant all-poly(lactic acid) composites were prepared by filmstacking of highly crystalline poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fibres with fully amorphous PLA films. The flammability of the self-reinforced PLA composites (PLA-SRCs) was effectively reduced by incorporating ammonium polyphosphate based flame retardant (FR) additive and montmorillonite clays in a weight ratio of 10 to 1 into the matrix layers. As low as 16 wt% FR content proved to be sufficient for achieving self-* Corresponding author: tel: +36 1/463-1348, e-mail: kbocz@mail.bme.hu, address: Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest, 1111, Hungary 2 extinguishing behaviour, i.e. UL94 V-0 rating, and to achieve 50% and 40% reduction of peak of heat release rate and total heat emission, respectively. The introduction of FR additives improved also important mechanical properties compared to the FR-free all-PLA composite. The stiffness of the PLA-SRCs increased steadily with the FR contents of their matrix layers, furthermore, owing to the improved fibre-matrix bonding, prominent energy absorption capacity (impact perforation energy as high as 16 J/mm) was determined for the effectively flame retarded PLA-SRC.

Effect of imidazolium phosphate and multiwalled carbon nanotubes on thermal stability and flame retardancy of polylactide

“…However, because of its intrinsic chemical composition and molecular structure, PLA shows high combustibility and melt dripping which restricts its application in electrical and electronic areas. There are three main approaches that can be adopted to reduce the flammability of PLA: (i) to chemically modify PLA [4,5]; (ii) to incorporate flame retardants into polymers via processing methods and (iii) to receive superficial processing of polymers [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Flame-retardant behavior of bi-group molecule derived from phosphaphenanthrene and triazine groups on polylactic acid

“…PLA has many advantages: biodegradability, abundant renewable resources, excellent mechanical properties including high strength and high stiffness, appropriate thermal properties, and electrical properties. [1,2] It can be widely used instead of some general plastic in electronic products, textile industry, and disposable products. However, PLA is an extremely flammable material with dripping during combustion, which restrains its application in electrical fields.…”

Flame retarded poly(lactic acid): A review

“…The LOI values measured for the self-reinforced PLA composites without and with 10, and 16 wt% FR were 23, 30 and 34%. The related UL 94 ranking was HB (flame spreading: 43.5 mm/min), V-2 and V-0, respectively [88]. Mass loss type cone calorimetry results clearly demonstrated the efficiency of the combined use of APP/MMT, as shown in Figure 2.…”

“…This indicates that C30B with ATH are capable of producing a solid insulation barrier during combustion, thereby improving the flame resistance properties of PLA. Bocz et al [88] manufactured flame retarded PLAbased self-reinforced composites (PLA-SRC) using melamine resin that encapsulated APP and MMT in a ratio of 10/1 in the matrix. Note that self-reinforced polymer composites are composed of the same polymer or of polymers belonging to the same family.…”