Flame Spray Pyrolysis Synthesis of WO₃ Sensing Materials: Effects of Flame Parameters on Particle Size Distribution and NO₂ Sensing Performance

Abstract

In this study, the flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) technique was employed to produce WO 3 nanoparticles, which were subsequently used as sensing materials for NO 2 sensors. To enhance the sensing performance, the effects of flame parameters on the particle properties and sensing performances for 150−1200 ppb NO 2 at 125 °C were investigated. The results indicate that WO 3 particles with an average crystal size of about 10−20 nm and a standard deviation of about 3−7.5 nm were generated by controlling the precursor and dispersion oxygen flow rate of FSP. Based on the evaluation of NO 2 sensing performance, WO 3 sensing materials synthesized under the 3/5 flame condition exhibited better sensitivity than sensors made under other flame conditions. In summary, the FSP method and the optimization of flame synthesis parameters could be an effective strategy to prepare the sensing materials with high sensing performance.

Synthesis of Pure and Fe-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles via Electrospray-Assisted Flame Spray Pyrolysis for Antimicrobial Applications

“…This is predominantly due to the variation in the high-temperature residence time (HTRT) within the aerosol. Differences in HAB lead to changes in the characteristics of flame, such as its temperature, which in turn impacts factors like particle sintering time and coagulation rate. , The arithmetic mean diameter (AMD) along the axis of the nozzle centerline is illustrated in Figure d. The diameters of the arithmetic mean were increased linearly throughout the entire HAB range, resulting in an AMD of approximately 7–10 nm at 260 mm HAB.…”

High‐Entropy Oxides for Rechargeable Batteries

“…Accompanied by the fast spray process, both FSP and NSP shorten the processing period, and obtain a stable compound particle with uniform size, which exhibits a bright industrial application prospect on account of the high‐efficiency yield characteristics. [ 70 ]…”

Effects of Flame Conditions on Structure and Methane Oxidation Activity of Pd/CexZr1–xO2 Catalysts

“…15,16 Despite their benefits, these synthesis techniques can be lengthy and produce undesired strong agglomerates. Alternatively, flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) is a robust synthesis that can produce nanoparticles (NPs) at high production rates with the desired particle size, 18,19 crystalline phase, 20,21 OV concentration, 22,23 and morphology. 24,25 To date, only a few articles have reported the performance of flame-made catalysts for methane oxidation, and those mainly focused on the effect of solvents and dopant concentrations on methane oxidation activity.…”

“…Pd/Ce x Zr 1– x O 2 synthesized via a solvent-thermal technique using a block of copolymer followed by aging and calcination for 36 h can form a κ-Ce x Zr 1– x O 2 phase, which improves the interaction between Pd and support, enhancing oxygen mobility. − The solution-combustion synthesis can incorporate Pd ions into the Ce x Zr 1– x O 2 due to the high combustion temperatures, generating undercoordinated oxygen atoms and improving the Pd 2+ redox ability. , Despite their benefits, these synthesis techniques can be lengthy and produce undesired strong agglomerates. Alternatively, flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) is a robust synthesis that can produce nanoparticles (NPs) at high production rates with the desired particle size, , crystalline phase, , OV concentration, , and morphology. , To date, only a few articles have reported the performance of flame-made catalysts for methane oxidation, and those mainly focused on the effect of solvents and dopant concentrations on methane oxidation activity. ,, However, the impact of FSP combustion conditions on PdO redox ability and its interaction with Ce x Zr 1– x O 2 have not been investigated.…”