Flame Synthesis of Nanoparticles

Johannessen, Tue; Jensen, Jesper Ole; Mosleh, Majid; Johansen, Johnny; Quaade, Ulrich; Livbjerg, Hans

doi:10.1205/cerd.82.11.1444.52025

Cited by 58 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This triggered several studies on the use of various flame processes for synthesis of solid catalysts which were reviewed in 2006 by Strobel et al 8. Johanessen et al 17. showed the possibility of using this technology for coating microreactors directly with flame‐made particles and Phillips et al 18.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Aerosol Synthesis of Metal Oxide Catalysts with Unprecedented Structural and Catalytic Properties

2011

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In the past two decades flame aerosol synthesis of novel materials has experienced significant growth in both industry and academia. Recent research is focused on the development of new materials in the nanosized range to be used in various applications, such as catalysts, gas sensors, pigments, and batteries. Several studies indicate that this scalable synthesis method can result in novel and metastable phases of mixed metal oxides of high purity, which may not be easy accessible by conventional wet‐ or solid‐state processes. Especially for catalytic applications this synthesis method is emerging as an attractive fast and single‐step production route for high surface area materials, often with unprecedented structural and catalytic properties. The large variety of possible organometallic precursors especially for the liquid‐fed aerosol flame synthesis makes this technique very versatile for catalyst synthesis. Using the example of the widely used vanadia‐based mixed oxide catalysts, we analyze the structural and catalytic properties of flame‐derived catalysts and compare them to corresponding catalysts prepared by classical wet‐chemistry methods. The often unique structural properties along with their control at proper synthesis conditions and their influence on catalyst performance in selected reactions are discussed. Subsequently, we give an overview of other recent flame‐made mixed metal oxide based catalysts and make an attempt to assess the potential and limitations of flame synthesis for the preparation of catalytic mixed metal oxide materials, and finally we identify future challenges in research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Aerosol Synthesis of Metal Oxide Catalysts with Unprecedented Structural and Catalytic Properties

2011

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“…The development of improved processes such as flame spray synthesis has enabled the preparation of a wide range of nanoparticulate products. Materials include complex oxides for use in optics, electronics and catalysis (Zachariah & Huzarewicz, 1991;Johannessen et al, 2004;Laine et al, 2005;Stark et al, 2005), metal salts and biomaterials Huber et al, 2005;Loher et al, 2005) and noble metals Makela et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame spray synthesis under a non-oxidizing atmosphere: Preparation of metallic bismuth nanoparticles and nanocrystalline bulk bismuth metal

Grass

Stark

2006

J Nanopart Res

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Metallic bismuth nanoparticles of over 98% purity were prepared by a modified flame spray synthesis method in an inert atmosphere by oxygen-deficient combustion of a bismuth-carboxylate based precursor. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy confirming the formation of pure, crystalline metallic bismuth nanoparticles. Compression of the asprepared powder resulted in highly dense, nanocrystalline pills with strong electrical conductivity and bright metallic gloss.

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“…[96] Wide variations of wet chemical processes include: polyol methods, [97] photochemical deposition, [98] electroless plating, [99] solvothermal, [100] hydrothermal, [101] sol-gel, [39] ion-implantation, [102] epitaxial growth, [103] etc. Vapour-gas phase processes, such as flame aerosol [104] and plasma-assisted deposition [105] are also commonly used. Core-shell based nanostructures can be formed by co-reduction [106] or sequential reduction, [97] where a metal NM previously formed can act as a 'seed' for subsequent growth of another NM with different chemical origin.…”

Section: Metal-metal Nanohybrids (Mmnhs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of nanohybrids: synthesis, applications and environmental implications

et al. 2014

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Environmental context. Recent developments in nanotechnology have focussed towards innovation and usage of multifunctional and superior hybrid nanomaterials. Possible exposure of these novel nanohybrids can lead to unpredicted environmental fate, transport, transformation and toxicity scenarios. Environmentally relevant emerging properties and potential environmental implications of these newer materials need to be systematically studied to prevent harmful effects towards the aquatic environment and ecology.Abstract. Nanomaterial synthesis and modification for applications have progressed to a great extent in the last decades. Manipulation of the physicochemical properties of a material at the nanoscale has been extensively performed to produce materials for novel applications. Controlling the size, shape, surface functionality, etc. has been key to successful implementation of nanomaterials in multidimensional usage for electronics, optics, biomedicine, drug delivery and green fuel technology. Recently, a focus has been on the conjugation of two or more nanomaterials to achieve increased multifunctionality as well as creating opportunities for next generation materials with enhanced performance. With incremental production and potential usage of such nanohybrids come the concerns about their ecological and environmental effects, which will be dictated by their not-yet-understood physicochemical properties. While environmental implication studies concerning the single materials are yet to give an integrated mechanistic understanding and predictability of their environmental fate and transport, the importance of studying the novel nanohybrids with their multidimensional and complex behaviour in environmental and biological exposure systems are immense. This article critically reviews the literature of nanohybrids and identifies potential environmental uncertainties of these emerging 'horizon materials'.

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Flame Synthesis of Nanoparticles

Cited by 58 publications

References 19 publications

Flame Aerosol Synthesis of Metal Oxide Catalysts with Unprecedented Structural and Catalytic Properties

Flame Aerosol Synthesis of Metal Oxide Catalysts with Unprecedented Structural and Catalytic Properties

Flame spray synthesis under a non-oxidizing atmosphere: Preparation of metallic bismuth nanoparticles and nanocrystalline bulk bismuth metal

A critical review of nanohybrids: synthesis, applications and environmental implications

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