Flame temperature and location measurements of sooting premixed Bunsen flames by rainbow schlieren deflectometry

Ibarreta, Alfonso F.; Sung, Chih-Jen

doi:10.1364/ao.44.003565

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Choosing the reference point at some hot location in the flow is a better choice than the cold ambient, [2], and a flame location was shown to produce lower uncertainties [16]. In the present, the reference point at each downstream station was demonstrating, in turn, that locations of high temperature have larger errors than colder regions.…”

Section: Abel Transformmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Temperature measurements were attempted in isothermal flows [6,14] using rainbow schlieren and it was shown that the temperature rise could be accurately evaluated. Measurements of temperature in flames followed, typically in laminar premixed flames, where composition variations in rich jet flames [4] or spherical microgravity flames [15] affected the measured temperature to within a few percent and the derived temperature agreed very well with thermocouple measurements; however, for heavier hydrocarbon fuels extra effort is required to model composition effects [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Schlieren-based temperature measurement inside the cylinder of an optical spark ignition and homogeneous charge compression ignition engine

et al. 2015

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Schlieren [1, 2] is a non-intrusive technique that can be used to detect density variations in a medium, and thus, under constant pressure and mixture concentration conditions, measure whole field temperature distributions.The objective of the current work was to design a schlieren system to measure line-of-sight averaged temperature distribution with the final aim to determine the temperature distribution inside the cylinder of Internal Combustion engines. In a preliminary step, we assess theoretically the errors arising from the data reduction used to determine temperature from a schlieren measurement and find that the total error, random and systematic, is less than 3%, for typical conditions encountered in the present experiments. A Z-type, curved-mirror schlieren system was used to measure the temperature distribution from a hot air jet in an open air environment in order to evaluate the method. Using the Abel transform, the radial distribution of the temperature was reconstructed from the line of sight measurements. There was good agreement in the peak temperature between the reconstructed schlieren and thermocouple measurements. Experiments were then conducted in a four-stroke, single-cylinder, optical spark ignition engine with a four-valve, pentroof-type cylinder head to measure the temperature distribution of the reaction zone of an iso-octane-air mixture. The engine optical windows were designed to produce parallel rays and allow accurate application of the technique. The feasibility of the method to measure temperature distributions in IC engines was evaluated with simulations of the deflection angle combined with equilibrium chemistry calculations that estimated the temperature of the reaction zone at the position of maximum ray deflection as recorded in a schlieren image. Further simulations showed that the effects of exhaust gas recirculation and air-to-fuel ratio on the schlieren images were minimal under engine conditions compared to the temperature effect. At 20 crank angle degrees before top dead centre (i.e. 20 crank angle degrees after ignition timing), the measured temperature of the flame front was in agreement with the simulations (730-1320 K 2 depending on the shape of the flame front). Furthermore, the schlieren images identified the presence of hot gases ahead of the reaction zone due to diffusion and showed that there were no hot spots in the unburned mixture.

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Section: Abel Transformmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Schlieren-based temperature measurement inside the cylinder of an optical spark ignition and homogeneous charge compression ignition engine

et al. 2015

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“…It is well known that optical computerized tomography (OCT) has been widely used in various flow fields, including obtaining three-dimensional (3-D) distributions of density [1,2] and temperature [3,4], due to its stable, real-time, and noncontact characteristics. In addition, after the applicability of moiré tomography in diagnosing arc plasma was studied [5], it was also applied to obtain the temperature and electron number density distributions of a plasma flow field [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the equivalent particle number density distribution of gas and plasma flow fields

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2013

Appl. Opt.

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In this paper, the equivalent particle number density distribution of gas and plasma flow fields is investigated. For the purpose of facilitating comparison, argon gas and argon arc plasma are chosen as practical examples for experiment. The equivalent particle number density distributions of the argon gas and argon arc plasma are reconstructed from the experimentally measured refractive index distributions obtained by moiré tomography, while five cross sections, which are 7, 8.5, 10, 11.5, and 13 mm away from the jet nozzle are chosen for practical calculation and comparison. In experiment, the probe wavelength and the export pressure of argon gas and argon arc plasma are the same. The experimental results manifest that (1) the equivalent particle number density decreases with the distance away from the jet nozzle of the gas flow field, while (2) the equivalent particle number density of the plasma flow field has a different variation. Finally, the experimental results are theoretically explained and analyzed.

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“…As a result, validation of complex chemical-kinetics mechanisms using the traditional zero-and one-dimensional experimental/numerical studies can be performed only partially. Alternatively, one could include more target flames, such as coaxial nonpremixed [14], Bunsen [15], and centerbody flames [16], and validate the mechanisms for predicting flame shapes, lift-off heights, blowout characteristics, temperature and species distributions, etc. Most of these data can be obtained using measurement techniques ranging from inexpensive (direct photographs) to expensive (laser diagnostics) techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of chemical-kinetics models for n-heptane combustion using a multidimensional CFD code

Katta

Aggarwal

Roquemore

2012

Fuel

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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based predictions are presented for nonpremixed and partially premixed flames burning vaporized n-heptane fuel. Three state-of-the-art chemical kinetics models are incorporated into a time-dependent, two-dimensional, CFD model known as UNICORN. The first mechanism is the San Diego (SD) mechanism (52 species and 544 reactions), the second one is the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) mechanism (160 species and 1540 reactions), and the third one is the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) mechanism (197 species and 2926 reactions). Soot model based on acetylene, and radiation model based on optically thin media assumption are included. Twodimensional calculations are made for the detailed structures of nonpremixed and partially premixed flames, strain-induced extinction and diffusion-controlled autoignition and the results are compared with the available experimental data. Diffusion-controlled autoignition characteristics are also compared with the ignition delay times calculated in homogeneous stoichiometric mixture of n-heptane and air. Through the simulation of complete flowfields

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Flame temperature and location measurements of sooting premixed Bunsen flames by rainbow schlieren deflectometry

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Schlieren-based temperature measurement inside the cylinder of an optical spark ignition and homogeneous charge compression ignition engine

Schlieren-based temperature measurement inside the cylinder of an optical spark ignition and homogeneous charge compression ignition engine

Comparing the equivalent particle number density distribution of gas and plasma flow fields

Evaluation of chemical-kinetics models for n-heptane combustion using a multidimensional CFD code

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