“…The thermophoretic sampling particle diagnostic (TSPD) method is employed to reconstruct the evolution of nanostructure formation [11,12]. A thermophoretic probe sampler assembled on the position rod is driven in and out of the flame by a linear motor of an electric cylinder (DNCE-32-320-LAS-H, FESTO) controlled by a motor controller (SFC-LACI-VD-10-E-H2-I0, FESTO).…”