Flammability and comfort properties of blended knit fabrics made from inherently fire-resistant fibers to use for fire fighters

Jamshaid, Hafsa; Mishra, Rajesh; Khan, Awais; Chandan, Vijay; Müller, Miroslav; Valášek, Petr

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13127

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…For precise values of EPI and PPI total average values of ten measurements were counted. Moreover, the thickness of the fabrics was determined respecting ASTM D 1777-96 (7) where the standard pressure of 20 gf/cm 2 was maintained. Like thread density, for precision, twenty thickness values were averaged out for each sample.…”

Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective and Comfort Performance of Fire Protective Clothing

Islam,

Rathour,

Ibn Amin

et al. 2024

Text Leather Rev

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The study examined the fire protection performance of several woven products. Given that the comfort and fire protection properties of fire protective clothing (FPC) are opposite, it is important to consider the specific needs of firefighters when selecting the most suitable structure from various plain-woven derivatives, such as plain, basket, and ripstop. The yarn used was Nomex IIIA, which is a type of meta-aramid fibre. To achieve different thread densities, the pick density was adjusted while keeping the end density constant. The physical characteristics, thermal protective performance, thermal resistance, thermal conductivity, water vapour transmission rate and air permeability of all samples were assessed according to the appropriate standards. The goal was to identify the weave structure with the highest performance and the most optimal thread density. The basket weave structure was proposed as a fire protective clothing (FPC) having comfort qualities at a moderate level. Furthermore, increased density provided enhanced fire resistance, however, comfort must be sacrificed. Thus, to achieve a balance between fire protection and comfort, it was recommended to choose a thread density that is of an average level and the suggestion made by this research is to use the fabric as a basket weave design with an ends per inch of approximately 42, it is recommended to retain the pick density within the range of 46 with 44 tex Nomex IIIA yarn. The results of this study may be replicated in other designs using Nomex IIIA and comparable types of cloth and weave specifications.

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Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-performance fibres such as Meta aramid fibres [4], para-aramid fibres [5,6], FR Modacrylic fibres [7],…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective and Comfort Performance of Fire Protective Clothing

Islam,

Rathour,

Ibn Amin

et al. 2024

Text Leather Rev

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“…This helps reduce weight while maintaining adequate strength and rigidity. Regarding their physicochemical properties, NHCs exhibit satisfactory characteristics in terms of corrosion resistance, fire resistance and dielectric properties, thus improving their performance under extreme requirements [5,6]. Machining the Nomex honeycomb core represents a critical step in the manufacturing of composite structures, as it directly influences the final quality and performance of the structure [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Machining Performance of Nomex Honeycomb Composites Using Rotary Ultrasonic Machining: A Finite Element Analysis Approach

Zarrouk,

Salhi,

Nouari

et al. 2024

Materials

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Nomex honeycomb composites (NHCs) are commonly used in various industrial sectors such as aerospace and automotive sectors due to their excellent material properties. However, when machining this type of structure, problems can arise due to significant cutting forces and unwanted cell vibrations. In order to remedy these shortcomings, this study proposes to integrate RUM (rotary ultrasonic machining) technology, which consists of applying ultrasonic vibrations along the axis of rotation of the cutter. To fully understand the milling process by ultrasonic vibrations of the NHC structure, a 3D numerical finite element model is developed using Abaqus/Explicit software. The results of the comparative analysis between the components of the simulated cutting forces and those from the experiment indicate a close agreement between the developed model and the experimental results. Based on the developed numerical model, this study comprehensively analyzes the influence of the ultrasonic vibration amplitude on various aspects, such as stress distribution in the cutting zone, chip size, the quality of the machined surface and the components of the cutting force. Ultimately, the results demonstrate that the application of ultrasonic vibrations leads to a reduction of up to 50% in the components of the cutting force, as well as an improvement in the quality of the machined surface and a reduction in the size of chips.

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“…Nomex honeycomb composites (NHCs) fulfill these requirements by offering high specific strength and stiffness [ 2 , 3 ], enabling weight reduction while maintaining sufficient strength and stiffness. In terms of physicochemical properties, NHCs exhibit good corrosion resistance, flame retardancy, and dielectric properties [ 4 , 5 ], which enhance their performance under extreme conditions. Moreover, the honeycomb structure of NHCs is inspired by the natural honeycomb, featuring a periodic topology that provides excellent impact resistance [ 6 ], negative Poisson’s ratio [ 7 ], negative thermal expansion [ 8 ], compressive torsion [ 9 ], and negative stiffness [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Thin-Edged Part Machining of Nomex Honeycomb Composites via Optimizing Variable Angle of Disc Cutters

et al. 2023

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Machining Nomex honeycomb composites (NHCs), which are widely-used materials in the aerospace industry, is an imperative process to obtain desired profiles. However, when machining NHCs to obtain a thin-edged surface, some problems can arise due to large cutting forces. To avoid these defects, a method of ultrasonic vibration machining with variable angles of the down milling disc cutter was proposed in this study. The processing principles and motion characteristics of this method were elaborated. A theoretical model of its cutting process was established. The principle of cutting force reduction was qualitatively analyzed based on the model, and an experimental validation was conducted. The results demonstrated that, due to a smaller swing angle in each pass, the proposed method could reduce the fractal dimension of the machined surface by 6.01% compared to 1° with 10° of angle in each pass. And severe machining defects were decreased. Additionally, comparing the process of the fixed 10° angle of ultrasonic vibration machining with the process of a 1° angle in a pass, cutting force can be significantly reduced by 33.5%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method which improved surface quality by reducing cutting forces.

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Flammability and comfort properties of blended knit fabrics made from inherently fire-resistant fibers to use for fire fighters

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Protective and Comfort Performance of Fire Protective Clothing

Protective and Comfort Performance of Fire Protective Clothing

Enhancing the Machining Performance of Nomex Honeycomb Composites Using Rotary Ultrasonic Machining: A Finite Element Analysis Approach

Enabling Thin-Edged Part Machining of Nomex Honeycomb Composites via Optimizing Variable Angle of Disc Cutters

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