Flammability and Thermal Properties of Zeolite-Filled High-Impact Polystyrene Composites

Katančić, Zvonimir; Travaš-Sejdić, Jadranka; Hrnjak-Murgić, Zlata

doi:10.1080/03602559.2014.909484

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…All fire retarded samples generally have lower average Ea values (in the region α = 0.2-0.9) than pure HIPS which could lead to conclusion that HIPS has higher thermal stability and slower degradation rate. Our previous studies [1,3,32] show that is not the case. Since Ea is only one part of kinetic triplet, it is possible that difference in frequency factor, A, of composites compensates their lower Ea when compared to HIPS.…”

Section: Isoconversional Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Lower values of Ea of fire retarded composites were overcompensated by the difference in A by a magnitude of four to five compared to HIPS thus giving overall slower degradation rate and higher thermal stability which is in accordance with previous research. [1,3,32] It seems from Figure 5 that sample PS-20AP-4C starts to degrade earlier than pure HIPS, but it has to be taken into account that it has weight residue at 500 °C of 20 % a) b)…”

Section: One Step Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetic Study of Thermal Degradation of High-impact Polystyrene Nanocomposites with Different Flame Retardants using Isoconversional and Model Fitting Methods

Katančić¹,

Grčić²,

Hrnjak-Murgić³

2017

Croat. Chem. Acta

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The non-isothermal degradation of pure high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) and flame retarded HIPS nanocomposites was investigated in the temperature range 25-550 °C at four heating rates in an inert atmosphere. Three different phosphate and polyphosphate based flame retardants were used, while nanosilica and montmorillonite clay were used as nanofillers. Kinetic analysis was performed using isoconversional and model fitting non-linear regression method. Activation energy (Ea) was determined by isoconversional methods of Friedman and KissingerAkahira-Sunose while true kinetic triplets (Ea, A, f(α)) were determined by one step and two-step non-linear regression with various reactions mechanisms. It was found that flame retarded samples exhibit complex degradation which cannot be satisfactorily described by single reaction model fitting. Instead, when each distinctive degradation step was modelled individually it was possible to obtain good fit with Reaction order and Avrami-Erofeev proposed mechanisms while the same was not possible for Diffusion and Autocatalytic mechanisms.

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Section: Isoconversional Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: One Step Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study of Thermal Degradation of High-impact Polystyrene Nanocomposites with Different Flame Retardants using Isoconversional and Model Fitting Methods

Katančić¹,

Grčić²,

Hrnjak-Murgić³

2017

Croat. Chem. Acta

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“…33,34 In order to improve the effect of the above flame retardants in HIPS, various synergists such as inorganic nanoparticles were often used. [26][27][28]32,35 AZONOR also displays a certain synergism in HIPS. 15 It has been reported that there is good synergism between magnesium hydroxide and microencapsulated red phosphorus in HIPS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, HIPS are flammable, thus underlining the importance of flame retardant treatments. The flame retardants used in HIPS are mainly phosphorus flame retardants, [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] metal hydroxides 23,24,31,32 and various brominated flame retardants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic flame retardancy of tris(1‐methoxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐piperidin‐4‐yl)phosphite and tris(2,4,6‐tribromophenoxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine/Sb₂O₃ in high‐impact polystyrene

et al. 2020

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Synergistic flame retardancy of tris (1-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl) phosphite (NORPM) and tris(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine (TTBPC)/Sb 2 O 3 in high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) was studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI) determination, UL-94 test, and cone calorimetry test (CCT). NORPM has an exceptional synergistic effect in HIPS. When the dosage of TTBPC, Sb 2 O 3 , and NORPM was 12.8, 3.2, and 0.5 wt% respectively, flame retardant effectivity and synergistic effectivity were 0.424 and 1.15 respectively. Compared with the Flame retardant (FR)-HIPS containing 16.0 wt% of TTBPC/Sb 2 O 3 , the LOI of FR-HIPS increases from 23.8% to 25.4%, the flame-retardant rating of FR-HIPS can be improved from UL 94 V-2 to V-0, and the peak heat release rate and total heat release are significantly reduced by combining NORPM in 0.5 wt% concentration. NORPM induces the synergistic effect mainly through the following mechanisms: the active radicals produced by the pyrolysis of NORPM promote the release of bromine radicals from TTBPC and the formation of HBr, which improves the flame retardancy of TTBPC; the above active radicals, together with HBr, quench active free radicals, such as the hydroxyl radical (ÁOH) and decompose the free radical source, which interrupts the chain reaction during combustion and results in a more efficient flame retardant effect in gaseous phase.flame retardancy, high-impact polystyrene, synergistic effect, tris(1-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)phosphite, tris(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine

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“…So, the study to enhance its thermal stability and flame retardancy properties is required and highly demanded. Usually to improve the thermal stability and flame resistance of thermoplastic polymers flame retardant materials have to be used as additives [2,3]. Halogen-based flame retardants were used and these materials were found to be effective for flame retardation; however these materials were inhibited due to their associated environmental pollution [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles Decorated on Resin Particles and Their Flame Retardancy Behavior for Polymer Composites

Attia

Zayed

2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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New nanocomposites have been developed by doping of amberlite IR120 resin with spherical TiO 2 nanoparticles in the presence of maleate diphosphate. Polystyrene composites of resin, maleate diphosphate, and resin-maleate diphosphate were prepared individually. This is in addition to preparation of polymer nanocomposites of polystyrene-resin doped TiO 2 nanoparticles-maleate diphosphate. The flame retardancy and thermal stability properties of these developed polymer composites were evaluated. The inclusion of resin and resin doped nanoparticles improved the fire retardant behavior of polystyrene composites and enhanced their thermal stability. Synergistic behavior between flame retardant, resin, and nanoparticles was detected. The rate of burning of the polymer nanocomposites was recorded as 10.7 mm/min achieving 77% reduction compared to pure polystyrene (46.5 mm/min). The peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the new polymer composites has reduced achieving 46% reduction compared to blank polymer. The morphology and dispersion of nanoparticles on resin and in polymer nanocomposites were characterized using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The flame retardancy and thermal properties were evaluated using UL94 flame chamber, cone tests, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively.

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Flammability and Thermal Properties of Zeolite-Filled High-Impact Polystyrene Composites

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Kinetic Study of Thermal Degradation of High-impact Polystyrene Nanocomposites with Different Flame Retardants using Isoconversional and Model Fitting Methods

Kinetic Study of Thermal Degradation of High-impact Polystyrene Nanocomposites with Different Flame Retardants using Isoconversional and Model Fitting Methods

Synergistic flame retardancy of tris(1‐methoxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐piperidin‐4‐yl)phosphite and tris(2,4,6‐tribromophenoxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine/Sb₂O₃ in high‐impact polystyrene

Nanoparticles Decorated on Resin Particles and Their Flame Retardancy Behavior for Polymer Composites

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Flammability and Thermal Properties of Zeolite-Filled High-Impact Polystyrene Composites

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Kinetic Study of Thermal Degradation of High-impact Polystyrene Nanocomposites with Different Flame Retardants using Isoconversional and Model Fitting Methods

Kinetic Study of Thermal Degradation of High-impact Polystyrene Nanocomposites with Different Flame Retardants using Isoconversional and Model Fitting Methods

Synergistic flame retardancy of tris(1‐methoxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐piperidin‐4‐yl)phosphite and tris(2,4,6‐tribromophenoxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine/Sb2O3 in high‐impact polystyrene

Nanoparticles Decorated on Resin Particles and Their Flame Retardancy Behavior for Polymer Composites

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Product

Resources

About

Synergistic flame retardancy of tris(1‐methoxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐piperidin‐4‐yl)phosphite and tris(2,4,6‐tribromophenoxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine/Sb₂O₃ in high‐impact polystyrene