Flammability Limits of Coal-Derived Low-BTU Gas Mixtures Containing Large Amounts of Inert Gases

Heffington, W. M.; Gaines, William Russell; Renfroe, David A.

doi:10.1080/00102208408923733

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In this table, the emphasis is on experimental work in which the FLs were determined with vessels of different volumes and/or geometries. As observed in Figure , there are 73 works in which cylindrical vessels were used, ,,,,,,− 62 works in which spherical vessels were used, ,,,,− ...…”

Section: Experimental Determination Of the Flammability Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…General characteristics of most common experimental equipment used to determine the flammability limits. (a) Experimental works with cylindrical vessels. ,,,,,,− (b) Experimental works with spherical vessels. ,,,,− …”

Section: Experimental Determination Of the Flammability Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flammability Limits: A Comprehensive Review of Theory, Experiments, and Estimation Methods

Mendiburu

Carvalho

2023

Energy Fuels

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Flammability limits play an important role in combustion research, industrial applications, and fire safety. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in the fundamental understanding of flammability limits and their experimental determination as well as estimation methods for pure fuels and fuel mixtures. The article begins with a discussion of the importance and challenges of determining flammability limits. It then presents the theoretical, computational, and experimental methods available to understand the mechanism of flammability limits and to quantify them. The experimental setups using cylindrical and spherical vessels to determine the flammability limits are discussed. The effects of buoyancy, thermal radiation, and flame stretch are examined. The relationship between the fundamental flammability limits and the extinction limits of stretched flames via strain and radiation is presented. The effects of initial temperature, pressure, mixtures of different fuels, and diluents are examined, and available estimation methods are presented. Finally, the flammability limits of renewable and alternative fuels are addressed and strategies for estimating the flammability limits of these fuels are presented.

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