Flap Monitoring using Thermal Imaging Camera: A Contactless Method

Rabbani, Muhammad Jibran; Bhatti, Asif Zubair; Shahzad, Ahmed

doi:10.29271/jcpsp.2021.06.703

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Unit and disposable costs appear to limit the use of this efficient monitoring method 5,10 . Thermal scan 12 and Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor 13 are still under evaluation. LDF is a non-invasive method enabling the monitoring of microvascular blood flow 14,15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Properties of the ideal free flap monitoring technique should be: inexpensive; harmless to both patient and flap; produce rapid, reliable, and objective results; simple to interpret by relatively inexperienced personnel; and applicable to all types of free flaps 6 . Various methods have been proposed, including prick test 7 , microdialysis 8 , Doppler (both implantable and external) 9 , Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) 10 , Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) 11 , thermal scan 12 , Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor 13 and Laser-Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) 14,15 . The latter exploits wavelength variations of photons hitting blood red cells (BRC) while flowing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Free flaps monitoring by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry in head and neck surgery

Salvatori¹,

Paradisi

Zani³

2022

Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital

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Objective. Early recognition of free flap vascular impairment is essential for flap salvage attempts. Several methods for surveillance of post-operative flaps are available. Among these, we have extensively used Laser-Doppler Perfusion Flowmetry (LDF) monitoring. We report our experience on this topic and illustrate the advantages and weak points. Methods. Over seven years, 110 consecutive free flaps for head and neck reconstruction were monitored using the Periflux System 5000 ® (Perimed AB, Järfälla, Sweden). In addition to maximum and minimum peaks, a pattern called vasomotion can be detected. Monitoring time lasted from 3 to 7 days, 24/24 h. Results. Six of 110 (5.5%) cases of vascular problems were detected and clinically confirmed. In 5 cases, venous thrombosis was present: 4 patients were successfully treated. In 1 case, both arterial and venous thrombosis occurred. Flowmetry data always showed a more or less sudden disappearance of vasomotion. Conclusions. LDF is a highly sensible, specific and reliable method. It is easy to use and interpret at low cost. Remote monitoring could also be developed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free flaps monitoring by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry in head and neck surgery

Salvatori¹,

Paradisi

Zani³

2022

Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital

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“…Likewise, in free flaps performed in breast reconstruction surgeries, surgeons have been using IRT, together with Doppler ultrasound and computed tomography angiography techniques, to monitor the viability of the flap but also as a novel tool to preoperatively locate perforator vessels in flaps [ 23 ]. In contrast, some studies reported that IRT was unable to detect a case of poorly perfused flap until the skin transplant was dead; nonetheless, the accuracy of the technique was estimated at 96.43% [ 77 ].…”

Section: Thermal Imaging Applied To Assess Tissular Damage Degree And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Imaging as a Method to Indirectly Assess Peripheral Vascular Integrity and Tissue Viability in Veterinary Medicine: Animal Models and Clinical Applications

Mota-Rojas,

Ogi,

Villanueva-García

et al. 2023

Animals

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Infrared thermography (IRT) is a technique that indirectly assesses peripheral blood circulation and its resulting amount of radiated heat. Due to these properties, thermal imaging is currently applied in human medicine to noninvasively evaluate peripheral vascular disorders such as thrombosis, thromboembolisms, and other ischemic processes. Moreover, tissular damage (e.g., burn injuries) also causes microvasculature compromise. Therefore, thermography can be applied to determine the degree of damage according to the viability of tissues and blood vessels, and it can also be used as a technique to monitor skin transplant procedures such as grafting and free flaps. The present review aims to summarize and analyze the application of IRT in veterinary medicine as a method to indirectly assess peripheral vascular integrity and its relation to the amount of radiated heat and as a diagnostic technique for tissue viability, degree of damage, and wound care.

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“…Thermal cameras have proven their value in medicine and are nowadays readily available at a low cost. Their non-invasive nature and ability to provide immediate, quantitative data make infrared thermal imaging an attractive adjunct in flap monitoring [5]. Various clinical applications 2 involving depth analysis of burns, detection of complications for diabetic foot ulcer and preoperative planning of perforators using infrared thermal imaging have been made in plastic surgery [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various clinical applications 2 involving depth analysis of burns, detection of complications for diabetic foot ulcer and preoperative planning of perforators using infrared thermal imaging have been made in plastic surgery [6,7]. Furthermore, there have been several publications describing flap monitoring using infrared thermal imaging [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Clinical Study of Flap Monitoring with Analysis of Clinical Course of the Flap Using Infrared Thermal Camera

Kim,

Kwak,

Byeon

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Flap surgery is a common method used to cover defects following tumor ablation, trauma, or infection. However, insufficient vascularity in the transferred flap can lead to flap necrosis and failure. Proper postoperative monitoring is essential to prevent these complications. Recently, research has explored the use of infrared thermal imaging in plastic surgery, leading to its clinical application. This study investigates the use of a forward-looking infrared (FLIR) camera to monitor blood flow in flaps. In the study, 28 rats underwent reverse McFarlane flap surgery, and their flaps were analyzed using a FLIR thermal imaging camera seven days post-surgery. Additionally, thermal images of flaps were taken on postoperative days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 7 in 22 patients. The study focused on temperature differences between normal skin and the perforator compared to the average flap temperature. Results showed that the temperature difference was higher in the necrosis group and increased over time in cases of total necrosis. A lower perforator temperature compared to the flap's average indicated vascular compromise, potentially leading to flap failure. The FLIR camera, being contact-free and convenient, shows promise for understanding and inferring the clinical progression of flaps in postoperative monitoring.

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Flap Monitoring using Thermal Imaging Camera: A Contactless Method

Abstract: Objective: To determine the accuracy of the thermal imaging camera for the detection of vascular insult before the onset of permanent tissue damage.

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Free flaps monitoring by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry in head and neck surgery

Free flaps monitoring by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry in head and neck surgery

Thermal Imaging as a Method to Indirectly Assess Peripheral Vascular Integrity and Tissue Viability in Veterinary Medicine: Animal Models and Clinical Applications

Experimental and Clinical Study of Flap Monitoring with Analysis of Clinical Course of the Flap Using Infrared Thermal Camera

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