Flapping-wing aerohydromechanics in nature and engineering

Abstract

Flapping wings have been the propulsion system used by birds, insects and fish for millions of years. Yet, the preferred system for aircraft and ship propulsion is the propeller or jet engine. It is the objective of this paper to show that recent interest in the development of micro air vehicles may lead to the adoption of flapping-wing propulsors as the superior system. Also, it is shown that flapping hydrofoils may have potential as effective water energy conversion devices. The knowledge gained in the aerohydromechanics of birds, insects and fish therefore may soon be applied to the design of air vehicles and power generators.