Flares of mixed cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2

The Flare of Rheumatic Disease After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Review

“…Visentini et al. obtained similar results, as 83% of the flare occurred within seven days ( 20 ). In the study of Zavala-Flores et al., the average time interval between vaccination and flare was only 2.3 days ( 16 ).…”

“…Barbhaiya et al reported that only 10.9% of flares occurred later than seven days after the vaccination, while 27.7% and 61.4% of flares occurred within one day and 2-7 days after vaccination, respectively (26). Visentini et al obtained similar results, as 83% of the flare occurred within seven days (20). In the study of Zavala-Flores et al, the average time interval between vaccination and flare was only 2.3 days ( 16).…”

“…This time interval seems longer in the results of Connolly et al, in which the average days from the first dose of vaccination to flare rise to 6.4 (median 5, interquartile range 2-12) (21). Interestingly, this number raised to 11.4 (median 11, interquartile range, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] between the second vaccination dose to flare (21).…”

Autoimmune post-COVID vaccine syndromes: does the spectrum of autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome expand?

“…Multicenter studies have been carried out to continue informing the scientific community, in addition to informing on the indisputable advantages of vaccines against COVID-19 in groups of patients who presented autoimmune syndromes shortly after applying the first or second dose of the vaccine. In Italy [ 24 ], 71 patients with a previous diagnosis of cryoglobulinemia were recruited as follows: infection-cured hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC), either uncomplicated (HCV-MC, n = 50) or complicated by low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (MC-NHL, n = 8), or essential MC (EMC, n = 13). Of these patients, eight were excluded due to previous relapses, and six of the remaining 63 patients (9.5%) with stable MC had bona fide vaccination-related flares.…”

A Flare of Hepatitis C Virus-Associated Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis After COVID-19

“…This is more notable in diseases where alternative therapies are less effective, such as CV and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis than in diseases where several alternative therapies with equivalent efficacy are available, such as rheumatoid arthritis. This problem is further complicated because CV flares have also been reported occasionally after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination [ 18 ]. However, because the overall rate of post-vaccination flares observed in CV patients is similar to the rates reported for other autoimmune rheumatic diseases [ 19 ], and they resolved spontaneously without endangering patients, we do not see this as a reason to avoid vaccination.…”