Flash Flood Hazard Mapping Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Southwestern Saudi Arabia

Alarifi, Saad S.; Abdelkareem, Mohamed; Abdalla, Fathy; Alotaibi, Mislat

doi:10.3390/su142114145

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…It was found that the outlet of this sub-basin crosses the Highway of King Abdulaziz and may expose this road to a major flood risk. This finding aligned with another similar study, which identified the same locations as sites with extreme to very high levels of flood risk [2]. Flash floods in these areas have severely affected cities and infrastructure like roads and parking lots, causing massive losses of property [2].…”

Section: Flood Hydrographs and Peak Runoffsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Its location lies within the latitudinal range of 18 • 13 ′ 44.36 ′′ -19 • 2 ′ 55.39 ′′ N and the longitudinal range of 41 • 21 ′ 18.07 ′′ -42 • 29 ′ 47.28 ′′ E, a distance of about 141 km. This area is largely composed of basalt rocks [2]. The main city in the area is Muhayil, located in the center of the wadi catchment.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be due to the non-existence of hydrological and rainfall data, thus highlighting a particular need for designing a hydrological model, incorporating the capability of remote sensing and GIS techniques, to predict locations susceptible to flash flood risks. A few studies have used such an approach to predict locations sensitive to flash flooding in this wadi [2]. However, no study, to our knowledge, has examined the use of the HEC-HMS model and IMERG precipitation data to predict locations susceptible to flash floods in this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flash Flood Risk Assessment in the Asir Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia, Using a Physically-Based Distributed Hydrological Model and GPM IMERG Satellite Rainfall Data

Salih,

Hassablla

2024

Atmosphere

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Floods in southwestern Saudi Arabia, especially in the Asir region, are among the major natural disasters caused by natural and human factors. In this region, flash floods that occur in the Wadi Hail Basin greatly affect human life and activities, damaging property, the built environment, infrastructure, landscapes, and facilities. A previous study carried out for the same basin has effectively revealed zones of flood risk using such an approach. However, the utilization of the HEC–HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Center–Hydrologic Modeling System) model and IMERG data for delineating areas prone to flash floods remain unexplored. In response to this advantage, this work primarily focused on flood generation assessment in the Wadi Hail Basin, one of the major basins in the region that is frequently prone to severe flash flood damage, from a single extreme rainfall event. We employed a fully physical-based, distributed hydrological model run with HEC–HMS software version 4.11 and Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals of Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG V.06) data, as well as other geo-environmental variables, to simulate the water flow within the Wadi Basin, and predict flash flood hazard. Discharge from the wadi and its sub-basins was predicted using 1 mm rainfall over an 8-h occurrence time. Significant peak discharge (3.6 m3/s) was found in eastern and southern upstream sub-basins and crossing points, rather than those downstream, due to their high-density drainage network (0.12) and CNs (88.4). Generally, four flood hazard levels were identified in the study basin: ‘low risk’, ‘moderate risk’, ‘high risk’, and ‘very high risk’. It was found that 43.8% of the total area of the Wadi Hail Basin is highly prone to flooding. Furthermore, medium- and low-hazard areas make up 4.5–11.2% of the total area, respectively. We found that the peak discharge value of sub-basin 11 (1.8 m3/s) covers 13.2% of the total Wadi Hail area; so, it poses more flood risk than other Wadi Hail sub-basins. The obtained results demonstrated the usefulness of the methods used to develop useful hydrological information in a region lacking ungagged data. This study will play a useful role in identifying the impact of extreme rainfall events on locations that may be susceptible to flash flooding, which will help authorities to develop flood management strategies, particularly in response to extreme events. The study results have potential and valuable policy implications for planners and decision-makers regarding infrastructural development and ensuring environmental stability. The study recommends further research to understand how flash flood hazards correlate with changes at different land use/cover (LULC) classes. This could refine flash flood hazards results and maximize its effectiveness.

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Section: Flood Hydrographs and Peak Runoffsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flash Flood Risk Assessment in the Asir Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia, Using a Physically-Based Distributed Hydrological Model and GPM IMERG Satellite Rainfall Data

Salih,

Hassablla

2024

Atmosphere

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“…In addition, as a result of the climate crisis, identifying flood-prone locations and assessing the linkages between disasters and the environment have become essential and urgent needs in urban flood risk management. Therefore, studies that determine potential flood impact areas and disaster damage using techniques such as geographic information systems [10], remote sensing [11], and hydrological modeling [12] are crucial for managers and decision makers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of HEC-RAS and HEC-HMS with GIS in Flood Modeling and Flood Hazard Mapping

Peker,

Gülbaz,

Demir

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Floods are among the most devastating disasters in terms of socio-economics and casualties. However, these natural disasters can be managed and their effects can be minimized by flood modeling performed before the occurrence of a flood. In this study, flood modeling was developed for the Göksu River Basin, Mersin, Türkiye. Flood hazard and risk maps were prepared by using GIS, HEC-RAS, and HEC-HMS. In hydraulic modeling, Manning’s n values were obtained from 2018 CORINE data, return period flow rates (Q25, Q50, Q100, Q500) were obtained from HEC-HMS, and the application was carried out on a 5 m resolution digital surface model. In the study area, the water depths could reach up to 10 m, and water speeds were approximately 0.7 m/s. Considering these values and the fact that the study area is an urban area, hazard maps were obtained according to the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) method. The results indicated that possible flood flow rates from Q25 to Q500, from 1191.7 m3/s to 1888.3 m3/s, were detected in the study area with HEC-HMS. Flooding also occurred under conditions of the Q25 flow rate (from 4288 km2 to 5767 km2), and the impacted areas were classified as extremely risky by the DEFRA method.

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“…Flash floods are one of the major natural threat crises that cause loss and damage of services and infrastructure, human, and economic activities due to an excess of heavy rainfalls that occur quickly and over a short period of time. This is especially true in areas with rugged terrain (Zhang et al, 2015;Elkhrachy, 2015;Abdelkareem, 2017;Zhao et al, 2018;Abdelkareem and Al-Arifi, 2021;Alarifi et al, 2022). Runoff levels have a positive impact on overland flow and speed up its response time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of remote sensing and GIS for mapping flash flood hazards, Wadi Queih, Egypt

Nasr

Abdelkareem²,

Moubark³

2022

SVU-International Journal of Agricultural Sciences

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Flash floods are common natural events in different environmental conditions. Although, the Egypt's Red Sea area characterized by limited precipitation it frequently impacted by flash flooding. During heavy rainstorms, massive water flow impacting the infrastructures, humans, economic and industrial activities. Thus, the need for mapping vulnerable areas prone to flash flood is necessary. Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data is processed and analyzed to reveal the topographic, geometric, basin relief, texture, and morphometric characteristics for flood risk assessment and mapping of Wadi Queih, in the Red Sea of Egypt. In addition, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data is utilized to display the rainfall zones. The area is classified into eighteen sub-basins. The result revealed that the flash flood potential maps, categorized the sub-basins into five classes, ranging from very low to very high flood potentials and three sub-basins (# 2, 4 and 9) are of extreme hazards. Moreover, the downstream areas are heavily exposed to the risk of flooding. It is noteworthy that storing flood water during rainstorms in artificial depressions will provide more water quantity to support development in remote areas. Additionally, the combination of GIS techniques and remote sensing data allowed for the quick and efficient mapping of flood-prone areas, which assisted decisionmakers in reducing the risk of future floods and harvest such water in agricultural activities.

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Flash Flood Hazard Mapping Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Southwestern Saudi Arabia

Cited by 35 publications

References 72 publications

Flash Flood Risk Assessment in the Asir Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia, Using a Physically-Based Distributed Hydrological Model and GPM IMERG Satellite Rainfall Data

Flash Flood Risk Assessment in the Asir Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia, Using a Physically-Based Distributed Hydrological Model and GPM IMERG Satellite Rainfall Data

Integration of HEC-RAS and HEC-HMS with GIS in Flood Modeling and Flood Hazard Mapping

Integration of remote sensing and GIS for mapping flash flood hazards, Wadi Queih, Egypt

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