Flash Point: Evaluation, Experimentation and Estimation

Abstract

The flash point is an important indicator of the flammability of a chemical. For safety purposes, many data compilations report the lowest value and not the most likely. This practice, combined with improper documentation and poor data storage methods, has resulted in compilations filled with fire-hazard data that are inconsistent with related properties and between members of homologous chemical series. In this study, the flash points reported in the DIPPR 801 database and more than 1,400 other literature values were critically reviewed based on measurement method, inter-property relations, and trends in chemical series. New measurements for seven compounds illustrate the differences between experimental flash points and data commonly found in fire-hazard compilations. With a critically reviewed set of experimental data, published predictive methods for the flash point were evaluated for accuracy.

Empirical Method for Representing the Flash-Point Temperature of Pure Compounds

“…This fact results in much simplicity of the application of the proposed empirical correlation compared with most of the existing methods in the literature. 1À14,24À29,33 Moreover, a comprehensive comparison of different correlations corresponding to flash-point temperature values can also be found in the work of Rowley et al 33 The uncertainties on the experimental flash-point data should be considered in order to estimate the uncertainties of calculated FP values. These uncertainties are not always reported along with the experimental data.…”

Estimation of the flash point of pure organic chemicals from structural contributions

“…Many methods have been developed to estimate the flash point of pure organic chemicals [1]. The majority of these methods require accurate knowledge of thermodynamic properties, typically the vapor pressure or normal boiling point.…”

Comparison of two crossover procedures for describing thermodynamic behavior of normal alkanes from singular critical to regular classical regions

“…In fact, the comparison of Tables 1 and 2 shows that , in the crossover model, are smaller than the experimental values, and, in the case of methane, it becomes negative. Negative acentric factor values are also observed for molecules like hydrogen and helium [41]. The renormalization group method developed by White and coworkers corrects the classical model in the critical region, yielding a precise representation of the phase envelope, giving the correct shape of the coexistence diagram.…”