Flash point prediction: Reviewing empirical models for hydrocarbons, petroleum fraction, biodiesel, and blends

Santos, Shella; Nascimento, Débora Costa do; Costa, Mariana C.; Neto, Antônio Marinho Barbosa; Fregolente, Leonardo Vasconcelos

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116375

Cited by 54 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…All first-generation biodiesel shown in Table 3 meets the flash point standards of ASTM D6751 and EN 14214, except coconut biodiesel. In general, the FP of biodiesel is affected by various factors, such as the alcohol present in the biodiesel [105,106], the chemical composition of the biodiesel (such as the number of double bonds), the total number of carbon atoms [107], the experimental method [108], equipment, test pressure, and the temperature.…”

Section: Feedstocks and Properties Of First-generation Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of the Properties, Performance, Combustion, and Emissions of the Diesel Engine Fueled with Different Generations of Biodiesel

Zhang

Zhong

et al. 2022

Processes

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Due to the increasing air pollution from diesel engines and the shortage of conventional fossil fuels, many experimental and numerical types of research have been carried out and published in the literature over the past few decades to find a new, sustainable, and alternative fuels. Biodiesel is an appropriate alternate solution for diesel engines because it is renewable, non-toxic, and eco-friendly. According to the European Academies Science Advisory Council, biodiesel evolution is broadly classified into four generations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the production, properties, combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of diesel engines using different generations of biodiesel as an alternative fuel to replace fossil-based diesel and summarizes the primary feedstocks and properties of different generations of biodiesel compared with diesel. The general impression is that the use of different generations of biodiesel decreased 30% CO, 50% HC, and 70% smoke emissions compared with diesel. Engine performance is slightly decreased by an average of 3.13%, 89.56%, and 11.98% for higher density, viscosity, and cetane, respectively, while having a 7.96% lower heating value compared with diesel. A certain ratio of biodiesel as fuel instead of fossil diesel combined with advanced after-treatment technology is the main trend of future diesel engine development.

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Section: Feedstocks and Properties Of First-generation Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of the Properties, Performance, Combustion, and Emissions of the Diesel Engine Fueled with Different Generations of Biodiesel

Zhang

Zhong

et al. 2022

Processes

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“…Flash point of fuels is imperative to determine the prerequisites for transportation and storage temperature [59] 3) and petro diesel (25.8). This highlights that the saturated fraction of biodiesel has a positive effect on its stability as in the case of our results, but the long-chain saturates may compromise fuel performance at lower temperatures [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and Characterization of Novel and Non-Edible Seed Oil Sources for Biodiesel Production

Khan¹,

Shah²

2021

Botany - Recent Advances and Applications

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Biodiesel mainly comes from edible oil, and there is little research on its yield from non-edible sources with low-cost oil. It is paramount to investigate the non-edible oil resources which may lead to advance the commercial feasibility of biodiesel and cost effectiveness as well as resolve the food issues. This chapter describes four novel non-edible seed oil sources comprising Koelreuteria paniculata, Rhus typhina, Acacia farnesiana and Albizzia julibrissin for biodiesel production. We aimed to optimize different reaction parameters for oil extraction, alkali-catalyzed transesterification process for maximal biodiesel production and finally evaluate its compatibility with mineral diesel. The optimization factors in transesterification included the molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction time, stirring intensity, catalyst concentration and temperature. Two methods have been described including Soxhlet and mechanical for extraction of seed oil. The synthesized esters were evaluated and characterized through the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR; 1H and 13C), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and the total conversion of crude oil to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were established. The inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Elemental Analyzer (EA) were used for evaluation of elemental concentration. The physico-chemical characterizations of the biodiesel, i.e., flash point, pour point, cloud point, and density were within the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM; D6751) and European Standards ((EN14214). Koelreuteria paniculata produced highest biodiesel oil content by Soxhlet extraction (28–30%) followed by the Albizzia julibrissin (19–24%), Acacia farnesiana (23%), Rhus typhina (20–22%). The density ranged from 0.83–0.87 @ 15°C (g/cm3) and the kinematic viscosity ranged from 3.75–6.3 (mm2/s) among all the plant sources. Koelreuteria paniculata had highest Na (5456.2), Cr (1246.8), Ni (658.36), and Al (346.87) elemental concentrations (μg/g) than other plant sources. The elemental percent of C, H, N, and O of biodiesel ranged from 72.54–76.86, 11.25–13.34, 1.97–2.73, and 9.86–12, respectively. In conclusion, these non-edible plant seeds offer a cheap source of renewable energy and can be easily grown on barren and wastelands and contribute to efficient biodiesel production to mitigate the energy crisis.

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“…Biodiesel has numerous advantages over diesel fuel as stated follows: Environmentally friendly, 20 Can be obtained from renewable raw materials, 21 Can be produced from waste vegetable and animal oils, 22 Anti-toxic effect, 23 Biologically fast and easily degradable, 24 Does not contain carcinogenic substances and sulfur, 25 Easy to store, transport, and use with its high flash point, 26 Excellent lubricity feature, 27 Extends engine life, 28 Provides improvement in engine characteristics, 29 A green fuel that has achieved commercial success, 30 It has a higher cetane number than diesel fuel, resulting in shorter ignition delay. 31 Despite these advantages, biodiesel also has drawbacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and emission behaviors of a CI engine fueled by waste feedstocks at varying compression ratios

Polat

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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The main objective of this study is to observe the effects of compression ratio (CR) variation on the engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine fueled by waste fusel oil (F), waste cooking oil biodiesel (BD), and waste tire pyrolysis oil (P). For this purpose, Diesel RK software was used and the analyzes were performed at varying CRs of 18.3, 20.3, and 22.3. Analyzes were carried out at 2400 rpm constant engine speed, and varying engine loads (3, 6, 9, and 12 Nm). In the results, it is noticed that as the CR increased, BSFC (Brake Specific Fuel Consumption) value also increased for all test fuels. However, at low loads (3 and 6 Nm), the BSFC value decreased as the compression ratio increased after CR20.3. While the maximum BSFC value was obtained to be 560.55 g/kWh for P20 fuel at 3 Nm for CR20.3, the minimum one was achieved to be 46.76 g/kWh for neat diesel fuel at 12 Nm for 18.3. As the CR increased, the BTE (Brake thermal efficiency) value decreased for all test fuels at nearly all loads. However, at low loads (3 and 6 Nm), it is observed that the BTE improved as the CR increased after CR20.3. While maximum BTE was calculated to be 32.07% for P10F10 fuel at CR18.3 compression ratio at 12 Nm load, minimum one was achieved to be 15.36% for P20 at 3 Nm load for CR20.3. In addition, the NOx increased at all loads as CR increased for all test fuels. The maximum NOx value for P20 was recorded to be 1300 ppm at 12 Nm load and CR22.3. A minimum NOx was detected as 144. 56 ppm for P10F10 at 3 Nm, and CR18.3. In conclusion, the paper has proved that the experimental results are well-fitting with those of simulation software.

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Flash point prediction: Reviewing empirical models for hydrocarbons, petroleum fraction, biodiesel, and blends

Cited by 54 publications

References 44 publications

A Comprehensive Review of the Properties, Performance, Combustion, and Emissions of the Diesel Engine Fueled with Different Generations of Biodiesel

A Comprehensive Review of the Properties, Performance, Combustion, and Emissions of the Diesel Engine Fueled with Different Generations of Biodiesel

Optimization and Characterization of Novel and Non-Edible Seed Oil Sources for Biodiesel Production

Performance and emission behaviors of a CI engine fueled by waste feedstocks at varying compression ratios

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