Flat Luneburg Lens via Transformation Optics for Directive Antenna Applications

Mateo-Segura, Carolina; Dyke, Amy; Dyke, H.; Haq, Sajad; Hao, Yang

doi:10.1109/tap.2014.2302004

Cited by 189 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The fundamentals of TrE have been expounded in many places (e.g., [18,19,22,23]); their application to the design of this 60 GHz flat Luneburg Lens (FLL) closely follows that described in earlier work by the authors and colleagues for the design of a similar FLL operating between 7 and 14 GHz [28]. As such, we offer an abbreviated description of the main points here.…”

Section: Design Of the Flat Luneburg Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the next section, we discuss the design of this lens, based on the same procedure described in [28]. The beamsteering capabilities are then discussed via simulation results.…”

Section: Background and Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be seen that the compression applied along leads to an expansion along (see [28] for more details). In material terms, this means the permittivity increases (with respect to the sphere) along the direction but decreases along the direction.…”

Section: Design Of the Flat Luneburg Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with the lens of [28], a six-layer structure was used with permittivities ranging between 2 and 12, and the layer dimensions (radius and thickness ℎ ) optimised. Due to the transformation process and diffraction effects, the focal point is no longer expected to be at the lens surface, but some distance from it outside the lens [28].…”

Section: Design Of the Flat Luneburg Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the transformation process and diffraction effects, the focal point is no longer expected to be at the lens surface, but some distance from it outside the lens [28].…”

Section: Design Of the Flat Luneburg Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beam-Steering Performance of Flat Luneburg Lens at 60 GHz for Future Wireless Communications

Foster

Nagarkoti

Gao

et al. 2017

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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The beam-steering capabilities of a simplified flat Luneburg lens are reported at 60 GHz. The design of the lens is first described, using transformation electromagnetics, before discussion of the fabrication of the lens using casting of ceramic composites. The simulated beam-steering performance is shown, demonstrating that the lens, with only six layers and a highest permittivity of 12, achieves scan angles of ±30 ∘ with gains of at least 18 dBi over a bandwidth from 57 to 66 GHz. To verify the simulations and further demonstrate the broadband nature of the lens, raw high definition video was transmitted over a wireless link at scan angles up to 36 ∘ . Background and MotivationsThe quest for ubiquitous wireless connectivity with everincreasing data rates has been a feature of the last half century. With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) adding huge numbers of devices requiring bandwidth to an alreadychallenging push for even greater data rates to be supported on personal wireless terminals, considerable research effort is being invested into future wireless networks. High-data rate applications include the streaming of ultrahigh definition video and virtual and augmented reality (e.g., [1,2]); the use of 60 GHz for these applications is now relatively wellestablished, with IEEE standards (e.g., 802.15.3c, 802.11ad[3]) well-suited for this aspect of 5G services and networks.Other aspects of 5G development are concerned with serving greater numbers of end-terminals and reducing latency, with some applications in the IoT relevant to this (even when data rate requirements are not severe).A large number of technologies are being brought together to achieve the various aims for the next generation of wireless networks [4]. This includes the use of small cells (where the density of base stations is increased), cooperative communications (where interference is reduced via communication between nodes, to improve achievable data rates and reliability), carrier aggregation (where bandwidth from disparate channels is combined to meet requirements), and heterogeneous networks (where multiple networks operating at different frequencies and with different modulations, etc., are used). One key technology is massive multi-input-multioutput (M-MIMO) systems, where the number of antennas is increased by at least an order of magnitude (e.g., [5][6][7]).One key approach to realise the objectives of future wireless networks is to utilise previously unused parts of the electromagnetic spectrum at higher frequency bands, particularly the millimetre-wave (mm-wave) and terahertz (THz) bands. Currently, wireless networks predominantly use the spectrum between 0.1 and 10 GHz, as these have offered key benefits of long propagation ranges, ease of fabrication, and ease of power generation and signal modulation, amongst others. Conversely, the higher bands must overcome increased propagation losses, smaller feature sizes that increase fabrication challenges, and other problems; the demand for bandwidth is such that these challenges...

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Section: Design Of the Flat Luneburg Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the next section, we discuss the design of this lens, based on the same procedure described in [28]. The beamsteering capabilities are then discussed via simulation results.…”

Section: Background and Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Of the Flat Luneburg Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Of the Flat Luneburg Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the transformation process and diffraction effects, the focal point is no longer expected to be at the lens surface, but some distance from it outside the lens [28].…”

Section: Design Of the Flat Luneburg Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Beam-Steering Performance of Flat Luneburg Lens at 60 GHz for Future Wireless Communications

Foster

Nagarkoti

Gao

et al. 2017

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Resonant Cavity Antennas

Hashmi

2019

Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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This article introduces resonant cavity antennas (RCAs) and leads the reader to develop an operational understanding of the design processes and considerations related to various types of RCAs. RCAs are a class of medium‐to‐high gain antennas, often having a single excitation location (as opposed to antenna arrays) and a simple configuration. These are a convenient alternative to antenna arrays and reflector antennas in space‐constrained applications where robustness, performance, and aesthetic appeal are equally important. The article discusses recent research results and trends particularly focusing on advances that have the potential to yield practical advantages, such as compactness, low profile, and high efficiency. The article reviews progress on gain bandwidth enhancement, achieving high aperture efficiency, multiband operation, and methods for aperture phase correction in RCAs.

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Lens Antennas

Malherbe

2024

Encyclopedia of RF and Microwave Engineering

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Lenses can be employed to act as high‐gain scannable antennas. The optical principles that apply to lens antennas are discussed, as well as the materials used in the construction of lenses. The basic lens function is discussed, and examples given of simple planoconvex and planoconcave lenses, together with the equations that describe the lens surfaces. In order to reduce the lens size, lenses are zoned, and equations for lens zoning are given. Other lens parameters such as gain, sidelobe level, reflections, loss, and bandwidth are treated. Lens systems for scannable or multibeam antennas are described, and design and analysis procedures for Rotman lenses given. Other lenses discussed include Luneburg, R ‐2 R , integrated dielectric, and Fresnel zone lenses. Physical construction methods for Rotman, Luneburg, and Fresnel zone plate lenses are discussed. This includes three‐dimensional (3D) printing and use of metamaterials.

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Flat Luneburg Lens via Transformation Optics for Directive Antenna Applications

Cited by 189 publications

References 32 publications

Beam-Steering Performance of Flat Luneburg Lens at 60 GHz for Future Wireless Communications

Beam-Steering Performance of Flat Luneburg Lens at 60 GHz for Future Wireless Communications

Resonant Cavity Antennas

Lens Antennas

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