Flat spectral response arrayed-waveguide gratingmultiplexer with parabolic waveguide horns

Survey of the Problems and Solutions of Arrayed Waveguide Gratings Used in the Optical Networks

“…The ideal shape for the passband of an AWG is to have a flat top [15]. There are several methods of flatting of the passband of AWG, such as creating a spot that has a broad flat centre with steep cut-off at either side, what has two types: Multi-Mode Interference Devices (MMIs) [16] and y-junctions or a parabolic tapered horn [17]; broadening the capture width of the receiver waveguide by using wide, multimode waveguides; spatial filtering [18]; using of sub-parabolic chirp [19].…”

Arrayed‐Waveguide Gratings

“…4.4b. The double image is created by use of a short MMI coupler [11], a Y-junction [12] or a nonadiabatic parabolic horn [13], where the best results are achieved with the parabolic horn. Other approaches based on spatial filtering use waveguide arm length changes inside the AWG that excite a sinc-like field distribution at the grating exit, which produces, via Fourier transform, a rectangular transmission shape [14,15].…”

Optical components for WDM lightwave networks

“…In [50], a 64 64 arrayed-waveguide multiplexer on silicon is demonstrated with a channel spacing of 0.4 nm. WGR's with flat passbands also have been developed [51], [52]. Other applications of the WGR, such as tunable transmitters and tunable receivers, are presented in [53].…”