Flaviflexus huanghaiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinobacterium of the family Actinomycetaceae

Abstract

Flaviflexus huanghaiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinobacterium of the family Actinomycetaceae Strain H5 T was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the coastal area of Qingdao, China. The cells were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, straight or curved rods. The temperature range for growth was 20-37 6C and the pH for growth ranged from 6.5 to 9.0, with optimum growth occurring in the temperature range 28-30 6C and pH range 7.5-8.0. Growth occurred in the presence of 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-2 %). Strain H5 T had MK-9, MK-9(H 2 ) and MK-9(H 4 ) as the major menaquinones and C 18 : 1 v9c, C 16 : 0 , C 14 : 0 , C 18 : 0 and C 16 : 1 v9c as major fatty acids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A5a L-Lys-L-Ala-L-Lys-D-Glu. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), an unknown phospholipid (PL1) and two unknown phosphoglycolipids (PGL1, PGL2). An unknown phospholipid (PL2) and two unknown glycolipids (GL1, GL2) were present in moderate to minor amounts in the polar lipid profile. The genomic DNA G+C content was 61.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain H5 T represents a novel lineage in the family Actinomycetaceae. On the basis of phenotypic, physiological and molecular characteristics, it is proposed that the novel isolate should be classified as a novel species in a new genus: Flaviflexus huanghaiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., with strain H5 T (5DSM 24315 T 5CICC 10486 T ) as the type strain of the type species.

‘Flaviflexus massiliensis’, a new bacterial species isolated from the human gut

“…Flaviflexus huanghaiensis was first isolated from a sediment sample and described in 2013. It is a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile and straight to slightly curved rod-shaped bacillus [5].…”

Culturable diversity and antimicrobial activity of Actinobacteria from marine sediments in Valparaíso bay, Chile

“…In our study, these include Agrococcus, Flaviflexus, Isoptericola, Janibacter, Ornithinimicrobium , and Tessaracoccus . As an example, the genus Flaviflexus was recently proposed based on F. huanghaiensis H5 T that was isolated from sediment samples of the coastal area of Qingdao, China (Du et al, 2013 ). To date, this genus comprises only two species that also includes F. salsibiostraticola EBR4-1-2 T (Jin et al, 2014 ).…”

“…From 2005 to date, several novel genera of the so-called rare Actinobacteria have been discovered from marine environments, of which 13 of them have been isolated from marine sediments. These include Salinispora (Maldonado et al, 2005a ), Demequina (Yi et al, 2007 ), Aestuariimicrobium (Jung et al, 2007 ), Sciscionella (Tian et al, 2009b ), Marinactinospora (Tian et al, 2009a ), Paraoerskovia (Khan et al, 2009 ), Marisediminicola (Li et al, 2010 ), Miniimonas (Ue et al, 2011 ), Spinactinospora (Chang et al, 2011 ), Sediminihabitans (Hamada et al, 2012 ), Flaviflexus (Du et al, 2013 ), Mariniluteicoccus (Zhang et al, 2014a ), and Halopolyspora (Lai et al, 2014 ). Rare Actinobacteria are considered to be those strains that are less likely to be cultivated by conventional methods (Lazzarini et al, 2001 ; Baltz, 2006 ).…”