Flavin-Dependent Enzymes in Cancer Prevention

Abstract

Statistical studies have demonstrated that various agents may reduce the risk of cancer’s development. One of them is activity of flavin-dependent enzymes such as flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO)GS-OX1, FAD-dependent 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and flavin-dependent monoamine oxidase. In the last decade, many papers concerning their structure, reaction mechanism and role in the cancer prevention were published. In our work, we provide a more in-depth analysis of flavin-dependent enzymes and their contribution to the cancer prevention. We present the actual knowledge about the glucosinolate synthesized by flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO)GS-OX1 and its role in cancer prevention, discuss the influence of mutations in FAD-dependent 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase on the cancer risk, and describe FAD as an important cofactor for the demethylation of histons. We also present our views on the role of riboflavin supplements in the prevention against cancer.

Time‐resolved fluorescence (TRF) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) for margin analysis in breast cancer

“…After a series of intermediate reactions, FADH 2 is oxidized to FAD. However, in tumor development, the low oxygen concentrations prevent the conversion of FADH 2 to FAD, thereby resulting in lower levels of FAD in tumor breast compared to normal breast samples . This explains the lower FAD content (integral area of 9.935 a.u.)…”

Trimethyllysine: From Carnitine Biosynthesis to Epigenetics

“…These domains form a globular core through hydrophobic interactions from which, in the case of LSD1, a Tower domain protrudes with an elongated helix-turn-helix motif that plays a key role in recruitment of neuronal silencer co-repressor of RE1-silencing transcription factor (CoREST). The SWIRM domain is hypothesized to regulate protein stability and recruitment of DNA, transcriptional protein complexes, or other proteins [ 92 ]. The large catalytic center of these enzymes is formed by two lobes of the AOL domain, which enables protein–protein interaction between a longer part of the lysine-containing substrate and the catalytic cavity through hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals interactions [ 93 ].…”

Metabolic Dysregulations and Epigenetics: A Bidirectional Interplay that Drives Tumor Progression

“…Some studies demonstrated that increase in FAD-precursor riboflavin reduces cancer risk in colorectal and cervical cancers. However, promoting LSD1 activity could increase cancer risk since it is essential for the maintenance of the pluripotency in embryonic stem cells [52,53]. The function of LSD2 is less known, but its involvement as a suppressor in lipid metabolism has been suggested [50].…”