Flavitalea populi gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from soil of a Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica) forest

Abstract

A novel strain, designated HY-50RT , isolated from soil of a Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica) forest in Xinjiang, China, was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of the isolate were Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes, its closest relatives being Niastella populi THYL-44 T (93.6 % similarity), Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil T was most closely related to members of the family Chitinophagaceae within the phylum Bacteroidetes. The strain was, therefore, subjected to further taxonomic investigation, the results of which suggest that strain HY-50RT represents a novel species of a novel genus in the family Chitinophagaceae.To isolate the strain, a soil sample was serially diluted with sterilized water and the dilutions were plated onto R2A agar (Difco) and incubated at 30 uC for 4 days. Growth of strain HY-50RT was also evaluated on nutrient agar (NA, Difco), tryptic soy agar (TSA, Difco), 0.16TSA and MacConkey agar (Difco) at 30 u C. As strain HY-50R T grew well on NA, R2A, TSA and 0.16TSA, it was routinely cultured on 0.16TSA at 30 u C.Colony morphology was observed visually and cell morphology and motility were observed using phase-contrastThe GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain HY-50R T is HM130561.One supplementary figure is available with the online version of this paper. microscopy (Olympus BX51) using two-day-old cultures grown on 0.16TSA at 30 u C. Gram-staining was performed using the modified Hucker method (Gerhardt et al., 1994). Oxidase activity was evaluated via the oxidation of 1 % p-aminodimethylaniline oxalate. Catalase activity was determined by measuring bubble production after the addition of 3 % (v/v) hydrogen peroxide solution. Tests for the hydrolysis of starch (1 %, w/v), cellulose (0.1 %, w/v), chitin from crab shells (1 %, w/v) and casein (5 %, w/v) were carried out as described by Smibert & Krieg (1994). Growth under anaerobic conditions was determined by incubation at 30 u C on 0.16TSA for 10 days in a GasPak (BBL) jar. Growth at 4, 10, 15, 30, 37 and 42 u C was tested on 0.16TSA. Growth at different pH levels was determined on 0.16TSA adjusted to pH 4-10 at intervals of 1 pH unit before sterilization (Xu et al., 2005). Tolerance of NaCl was determined on 0.16TSA supplemented with 1-5 % (w/v) NaCl at intervals of 1 %. The presence of flexirubin-type pigments was tested spectrophotometrically as described previously (Güde, 1980) using 20 % KOH. Enzyme activities and biochemical characteristics were determined by using API 20 NE, API 20 E, API ZYM and API ID 32 GN test kits (bioMérieux) according to the manufacturer's instructions.Menaquinones were extracted from lyophilized cells and identified using the method described by Xie & Yokota (2003) using HPLC (UltiMate 3000, Dionex). Polyamines were analysed as described previously (Schenke...

Flavitalea soli sp. nov. isolated from soil

“…S1). The isoprenoid quinone of strain KIS20-3 T was predominantly MK-7, which was consistent with that of the type strains of F. populi and F. gansuensis (Wang et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2013). The DNA G+C content of strain KIS20-3 T was 55.7 mol%, which was higher than those (46.8-47.1 mol%) of the type strains of F. populi and F. gansuensis.…”

“…The type species of the genus Flavitalea, Flavitalea populi, was isolated from a forest soil, and characterized as Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, oxidase-positive and catalasepositive. It contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the predominant respiratory quinone, and iso-C 15 : 1 G, iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH as major fatty acids, but lacked flexirubin-like pigments (Wang et al, 2011). Later, Flavitalea gansuensis, which was isolated from arid soil, was validly published as a new member within the genus Flavitalea, and shared most of the generic properties of F. populi (Zhang et al, 2013).…”

Taibaiella smilacinae gen. nov., sp. nov., an endophytic member of the family Chitinophagaceae isolated from the stem of Smilacina japonica, and emended description of Flavihumibacter petaseus

“…At the time of writing, the family Chitinophagaceae includes 14 genera: Chitinophaga (Kämpfer et al, 2006), Ferruginibacter (Lim et al, 2009), Filimonas (Shiratori et al, 2009), Flavihumibacter (Zhang et al, 2010), Flavisolibacter (Yoon & Im, 2007), Flavitalea (Wang et al, 2011), Hydrotalea (Kämpfer et al, 2011, Lacibacter (Qu et al, 2009), Niabella (Kim et al, 2007), Niastella (Weon et al, 2006), Parasegetibacter (Zhang et al, 2009), Sediminibacterium (Qu & Yuan, 2008), Segetibacter and Terrimonas (Xie & Yokota, 2006).…”

“…Fatty acids were saponified, methylated and extracted using the standard protocol of the MIDI Sherlock Microbial Identification System (version 6.0), analysed by GC (Yoon & Im, 2007); 9, Parasegetibacter luojiensis CCTCC AB 208240 T (Zhang et al, 2009); 10, Niabella aurantiaca DSM 17617 T (Kim et al, 2007); 11, Segetibacter koreensis KCTC 12655 T Kämpfer et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011); 12, Niastella koreensis DSM 17620 T (Weon et al, 2006); 13, Sediminibacterium salmoneum CGMCC 1.6845 T (Qu & Yuan, 2008;Wang et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2013) (Hewlett Packard 6890N) and identified using the TSBA6 database of the Microbial Identification System (Sasser, 1990).…”

Dinghuibacter silviterrae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from forest soil

“…Single carbon source assimilation by strain DHOA34 T Table 1. Differential phenotypic characteristics between strain DHOA34 T and the type strains of related genera of the family Chitinophagaceae Strains: 1, DHOA34 T ; 2, Flavisolibacter ginsengiterrae Gsoil 492 T ; 3, Cnuella takakiae RG1-1 T ; 4, Chitinophaga terrae KP01 T (1-4, data from this study); 5, Flavitalea populi HY-50R T (Wang et al, 2011); 6, Sediminibacterium goheungense HME7863 T (Kang et al, 2014). All strains are negative for chitinase, glucose fermentation, indole and H 2 S production, reduction of nitrates to nitrites/nitrogen, arginine dihydrolase, and assimilation of capric acid, malic acid, L-arabinose, gluconate and citric acid.…”