Flavobacteria and Cytophagas

Austin, Brian; Austin, Dawn A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32674-0_7

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 297 publications

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“…Flavobacterium and Chryseobacterium hold particular significance for aquaculture and fish health, as they include bacterial species responsible for devastating losses in farmed and wild fish populations, with consequently substantial economic and ecological effects. Acute outbreaks of piscine flavobacteriosis can cause mortality rates upwards of 70%, while subacute or chronic cases result in persistent low-level mortalities (Austin and Austin, 2016). Flavobacteria may also cause lingering deficits in surviving fish, or act as spoilage organisms to further reduce fish fitness and production outputs (Kent et al, 1989;Madsen et al, 2001;Bernardet et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atypical flavobacteria recovered from diseased fish in the Western United States

Heckman

Yazdi

Pomaranski

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Flavobacterial diseases, caused by bacteria in the order Flavobacteriales, are responsible for devastating losses in farmed and wild fish populations worldwide. The genera Flavobacterium (Family Flavobacteriaceae) and Chryseobacterium (Weeksellaceae) encompass the most well-known agents of fish disease in the order, but the full extent of piscine-pathogenic species within these diverse groups is unresolved, and likely underappreciated. To identify emerging agents of flavobacterial disease in US aquaculture, 183 presumptive Flavobacterium and Chryseobacterium isolates were collected from clinically affected fish representing 19 host types, from across six western states. Isolates were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis using the gyrB gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were compared between representatives from each major phylogenetic clade. Of the isolates, 52 were identified as Chryseobacterium species and 131 as Flavobacterium. The majority of Chryseobacterium isolates fell into six clades (A-F) consisting of ≥ 5 fish isolates with ≥ 70% bootstrap support, and Flavobacterium into nine (A-I). Phylogenetic clades showed distinct patterns in antimicrobial susceptibility. Two Chryseobacterium clades (F & G), and four Flavobacterium clades (B, G-I) had comparably high minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for 11/18 antimicrobials tested. Multiple clades in both genera exhibited MICs surpassing the established F. psychrophilum breakpoints for oxytetracycline and florfenicol, indicating potential resistance to two of the three antimicrobials approved for use in finfish aquaculture. Further work to investigate the virulence and antigenic diversity of these genetic groups will improve our understanding of flavobacterial disease, with applications for treatment and vaccination strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atypical flavobacteria recovered from diseased fish in the Western United States

Heckman

Yazdi

Pomaranski

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Assessing the impact of three fish drugs on tetrahymenosis in Fish using environmental DNA techniques

Xiaosong,

Jialu,

Jiarui

et al. 2025

Veterinary Parasitology

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Cross‐protection of a live‐attenuated Flavobacterium psychrophilum immersion vaccine against novel Flavobacterium spp. and Chryseobacterium spp. strains

Bruce

Knupp

et al. 2020

Journal of Fish Diseases

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For salmonid producers, a common threat is Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Recent advancements in bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) management include the development of a live‐attenuated immersion vaccine that cross‐protects against an array of F. psychrophilum strains. Emerging family Flavobacteriaceae cases associated with clinical disease have been increasing, including pathogenic isolates of Flavobacterium spp. and Chryseobacterium spp. The cross‐protective ability of a live‐attenuated F. psychrophilum vaccine was determined against three virulent Flavobacteriaceae isolates. Juvenile rainbow trout were vaccinated, developed high F. psychrophilum‐specific antibody titres and were challenged with Chryseobacterium spp. isolates (S25 and T28), a Flavobacterium sp. (S21) isolate, a mixed combination of S21:S25:T28, and a standard virulent F. psychrophilum CSF259‐93 strain. Results demonstrated strong protection in the CSF259‐93 vaccinated group (relative per cent survival (RPS)=94.44%) when compared to the relevant CSF259‐93 controls (p < .001). Protection was also observed for vaccinated fish challenged with the S21:S25:T28 mix (RPS = 85.18%; p < .001). However, protection was not observed with the S21, S25 or T28 isolates alone. Analysis of whole‐cell lysates revealed differences in protein banding by SDS‐PAGE, but conserved antigenic regions by Western blot in S25 and T28. Results demonstrate that this live‐attenuated vaccine provided protection against mixed flavobacterial infection and suggest further benefits against flavobacteriosis.

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Flavobacteria and Cytophagas

Cited by 4 publications

References 297 publications

Atypical flavobacteria recovered from diseased fish in the Western United States

Atypical flavobacteria recovered from diseased fish in the Western United States

Assessing the impact of three fish drugs on tetrahymenosis in Fish using environmental DNA techniques

Cross‐protection of a live‐attenuated Flavobacterium psychrophilum immersion vaccine against novel Flavobacterium spp. and Chryseobacterium spp. strains

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