Flavobacterium ardleyense sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic soil

Abstract

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, non-flagellated, non-gliding, rod-like, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterium, designated A2-1, was isolated from soil on Ardley Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Strain A2-1 grew at 4-22 °C (optimum, 10 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 6.5) and with 0-1.5 % NaCl (optimum, 0.5 %), but could not produce flexirubin-type pigments. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolates belonged to the genus Flavobacterium. Strain A2-1 had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Flavobacterium cucumis, F. ahnfeltiae and F. cheniae with 95.7, 95.6 and 95.4 %, respectively. The strain A2-1 consisted of a clade with F. cucumis and F. cheniae and simultaneously formed a distinct phyletic lineage in the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree. Polar lipids of the strain included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), four unidentified aminolipids and one unidentified lipid. The strain A2-1 contained anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.2 %), iso-C15 : 0 (16.2 %) and C15 : 1 G (11.0 %) as the main fatty acids and the only respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-6. The genomic DNA G+C content was 34.0 mol%. The polyphasic taxonomic study revealed that the strain A2-1 belongs to a novel species within the genus Flavobacterium and the name Flavobacterium ardleyense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A2-1 (=CCTCC AB 2017157=KCTC 52644).

Microbial community origin and fate through a rural wastewater treatment plant

“…The resource pool, including nitrogenous molecules like proteins, as well as carbohydrates such as cellulose and resistant starches, significantly changed from primary wastewater to activated sludge as larger molecules are degraded. This aligned with increases in 42% of putative soil and water‐associated species in activated sludge (11% being absent from primary wastewater), such as Uliginosibacterium gangwonense , Flavobacterium ardleyense , Leucobacter zeae , Ferruginibacter alkalilentus and Curvibacter fontana , characterized as extracellular proteases producers (Weon et al ., 2008; Lim et al ., 2009; Ding and Yokota, 2010; Kim et al ., 2012; Lai et al ., 2015; Hatayama et al ., 2016; Zhou et al ., 2017). Similarly, increases in starch utilizing Flavobacterium aquicola and Flavobacterium cheonanense ( Lee et al ., 2011; Hatayama et al ., 2016) and lipid‐degrading Agitococcus lubricus (Franzmann and Skerman, 1981) were observed in activated sludge.…”

Flavobacterium pygoscelis sp. nov., isolated from a chinstrap penguin chick (Pygoscelis antarcticus)

“…One of the most abundant genera of the Arctic and Antarctica is Flavobacterium, with flavobacterial sequences typically dominating sea-ice samples [4]. Almost 30 species have been described from Antarctic samples and, following the tendency of the genus, have been isolated from a widespread number of sources, including soil [5], stones [6], sandy intertidal beaches [7], seawater [8] and marine sediments [9,10], lakes and mud [11,12], seal habitats [13], till glaciers [14], and, most predominantly, from mat material [11,[15][16][17]. From bird samples, Flavobacterium species have been described mainly from penguin habitats [18,19] and faeces [20,21].…”