Flavobacterium ginsenosidimutans sp. nov., a bacterium with ginsenoside converting activity isolated from soil of a ginseng field

Abstract

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain THG 01T, was isolated from the soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, South Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain THG 01T grew well at 25–37 °C and pH 6.0–7.5 in the absence of NaCl on nutrient agar. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity data, strain THG 01T was shown to belong to the family Flavobacteriaceae and was related to Flavobacterium anhuiense D3T (97.5 % similarity), Flavobacterium johnsoniae UW101T (96.8 %) and Flavobacterium denitrificans ED5T (96.7 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between the novel strain and members of other recognized species within the family Flavobacteriaceae were less than 96.7 %. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain THG 01T was 32.1 mol%. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (major menaquinone was MK-6 and major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c ) supported the affiliation of strain THG 01T to the genus Flavobacterium. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments showed that DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain THG 01T and its closest phylogenetic neighbours were below 11 %. The results of physiological and biochemical tests enabled strain THG 01T to be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from recognized species of the genus Flavobacterium. The isolate therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Flavobacterium ginsenosidimutans sp. nov. is proposed, with THG 01T ( = KACC 14525T = JCM 16720T) as the type strain.

Flavobacterium nitrogenifigens sp. nov., isolated from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)

“…Because of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Flavobacterium ginsenosidimutans THG 01 T , which has been previously studied in detail (Yang et al , 2011), and to the type strains of Flavobacterium phragmitis (Liu et al , 2011) and Flavobacterium anhuiense (Liu et al , 2008) these strains were chosen for physiological, biochemical and fatty acid composition comparison tests.…”

Flavobacterium tyrosinilyticum sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of wild strawberry

“…T . All data were obtained in this study, except the DNA G+C content of the reference strains (taken from Kim et al, 2011a, b;Lim et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2011;Ngo et al, 2015). All strains are catalase-and oxidase-positive and produce flexirubin-type pigments.…”

“…Based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, there are 152 validly published species names at the time of writing. Members of the genus Flavobacterium have been isolated worldwide, especially from soil (Liu et al, 2008;Yang et al, 2011;Dong et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2013) and water (K€ ampfer et al, 2012;Lee et al, 2012;Kacagan et al, 2013;Kang et al, 2013;Sheu et al, 2013;Subhash et al, 2013). The common characteristics of the genus are that they are Gram-negative; usually positive for catalase and oxidase; contain C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 3-OH, anteiso-C 15 : 0 , C 15 : 1 !6c, iso-C 15 : 0 G, iso-C 16 : 0 3-OH and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH as the predominant fatty acids, as well as iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH and/or C 16 : 1 !7c and/or C 16 : 1 !7c; contain menaquinone-6 (MK-6) as the major respiratory quinone; and possess a genomic DNA G+C content of 30-52 mol% (Kuo et al, 2013).…”

Flavobacterium daemonensis sp. nov., isolated from Daemo Mountain soil

“… Flavobacterium is the type genus of the family Flavobacteriaceae in the phylum Bacteroidetes . With 140 species with validly published names, the genus Flavobacterium is a large genus that encompasses a variety of bacterial species mainly isolated from soil (Dong et al , 2013; Kim et al , 2013; Liu et al , 2008; Yang et al , 2011) and aquatic environments (Fu et al , 2011; Kacagan et al , 2013; Kämpfer et al , 2012; Kang et al , 2013; Lee et al , 2012; Sheu et al , 2013; Subhash et al , 2013; Yi et al , 2005) (http://www.bacterio.net/Flavobacterium.html). In addition, members of this genus have been isolated from a variety of environmental sources, including sludge, plants, marine sediment, food products such as fish, meat, poultry, milk and lactic acid beverages, and human clinical specimens (Bernardet & Bowman, 2006, 2011; Bernardet & Nakagawa, 2006).…”