Flavonoid biosynthesis in petals of Rhododendron simsii

Cooman, Luc De; Everaert, E.; Faché, Pierre; Casteele, Karel Vande; Sumere, C. F. Van

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(93)85102-w

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The resulting chalcones could then be used for the synthesis of flavones and anthocyanins. Coumaroyl-CoA is a much better substrate for chalcone synthases than caffeoyl-CoA in vitro, and it is the preferred or even the unique substrate in some species, such as raspberry (Zheng and Hrazdina 2008) and Rhododendron simsii (de Cooman et al 1993). However, caffeoyl-CoA is converted directly into chalcones with two hydroxyl groups in the B ring in other species, such as Camellia sinensis (Punyasiri et al 2004) and barley (Christensen et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Novel aspects of grape berry ripening and post-harvest withering revealed by untargeted LC-ESI-MS metabolomics analysis

et al. 2010

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We established a step-by-step, experimentguided metabolomics procedure, based on LC-ESI-MS analysis, to generate a detailed picture of the changing metabolic profiles during late berry development in the important Italian grapevine cultivar Corvina. We sampled berries from four developmental time points and three postharvest time points during the withering process, and used chromatograms of methanolic extracts to test the performance of the MetAlign and MZmine data mining programs. MZmine achieved a better resolution and therefore generated a more useful data matrix. Then both the quantitative performance of the analytical platform and the matrix effect were assessed, and the final dataset was investigated by multivariate data analysis. Our analysis confirmed the results of previous studies but also revealed some novel findings, including the prevalence of two specific flavonoids in unripe berries and important differences between the developmental profiles of flavones and flavanones, suggesting that specific individual metabolites could have different functions, and that flavones and flavanones probably play quite distinct biological roles. Moreover, the hypothesis-free multivariate analysis of subsets of the wide data matrix evidentiated the relationships between the various classes of metabolites, such as those between anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic acids and between flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Novel aspects of grape berry ripening and post-harvest withering revealed by untargeted LC-ESI-MS metabolomics analysis

et al. 2010

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“…These activated hydroxy-cinnamic acids serve as building blocks for numerous secondary compounds including flavonoids or anthocyanins (5,6), lignin (7), and other phenolic products (8 -10) which fulfill diverse functions as phytoalexins, cell wall components, UV protectants, flavor and defense compounds, or pigments. Since 4CL is involved in lignification, a pathway found in practically all plants, this enzyme has been extensively characterized from numerous plant species, and many variants of this gene are available (11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Coamentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Synthesis and Purification of Aromatic Coenzyme A Esters

Beuerle

Pichersky

2002

Analytical Biochemistry

134

124

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“…The flavonoid biosynthesis pathway can be partitioned among early and late pathway genes, but the breaking point differs between species [45,46]. In azalea, F3H and F3′H are considered as early pathway genes together with CHS and FLS ; ANS and DFR are some of the late pathway genes [8]. Taking different combinations of early or late pathway genes as an input for discriminant analysis, some of these combinations appeared to be able to distinguish to a minor extent between flower colour groups (Table 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flavonoids are synthesized by a branched pathway that yields both coloured pigments (anthocyanins) and colourless co-pigments (flavonols). In De Cooman et al [8], it was observed that the azalea co-pigment formation follows a slightly aberrant pathway compared to anthocyanin production (Figure 1). Anthocyanins tend to occur mainly as cyanidins, azaleatin is the most common flavonol in azalea [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The pathway only leads to the production of cyanidin pigments and is redrafted after [8,34]. CHS: chalcone synthase; CHI: chalcone isomerase; F3H: flavanone 3-hydroxylase; F3'H: flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase; DFR: dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; ANS: anthocyanidin synthase; OMT: O-methyltransferase; UFGT: UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase; RT: rhamnosyl transferase; FLS: flavonol synthase .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How to perform RT-qPCR accurately in plant species? A case study on flower colour gene expression in an azalea (Rhododendron simsii hybrids) mapping population

Keyser¹,

Desmet²,

Bockstaele

et al. 2013

BMC Mol Biol

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BackgroundFlower colour variation is one of the most crucial selection criteria in the breeding of a flowering pot plant, as is also the case for azalea (Rhododendron simsii hybrids). Flavonoid biosynthesis was studied intensively in several species. In azalea, flower colour can be described by means of a 3-gene model. However, this model does not clarify pink-coloration. The last decade gene expression studies have been implemented widely for studying flower colour. However, the methods used were often only semi-quantitative or quantification was not done according to the MIQE-guidelines. We aimed to develop an accurate protocol for RT-qPCR and to validate the protocol to study flower colour in an azalea mapping population.ResultsAn accurate RT-qPCR protocol had to be established. RNA quality was evaluated in a combined approach by means of different techniques e.g. SPUD-assay and Experion-analysis. We demonstrated the importance of testing noRT-samples for all genes under study to detect contaminating DNA. In spite of the limited sequence information available, we prepared a set of 11 reference genes which was validated in flower petals; a combination of three reference genes was most optimal. Finally we also used plasmids for the construction of standard curves. This allowed us to calculate gene-specific PCR efficiencies for every gene to assure an accurate quantification. The validity of the protocol was demonstrated by means of the study of six genes of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. No correlations were found between flower colour and the individual expression profiles. However, the combination of early pathway genes (CHS, F3H, F3'H and FLS) is clearly related to co-pigmentation with flavonols. The late pathway genes DFR and ANS are to a minor extent involved in differentiating between coloured and white flowers. Concerning pink coloration, we could demonstrate that the lower intensity in this type of flowers is correlated to the expression of F3'H.ConclusionsCurrently in plant research, validated and qualitative RT-qPCR protocols are still rare. The protocol in this study can be implemented on all plant species to assure accurate quantification of gene expression. We have been able to correlate flower colour to the combined regulation of structural genes, both in the early and late branch of the pathway. This allowed us to differentiate between flower colours in a broader genetic background as was done so far in flower colour studies. These data will now be used for eQTL mapping to comprehend even more the regulation of this pathway.

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Flavonoid biosynthesis in petals of Rhododendron simsii

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Novel aspects of grape berry ripening and post-harvest withering revealed by untargeted LC-ESI-MS metabolomics analysis

Novel aspects of grape berry ripening and post-harvest withering revealed by untargeted LC-ESI-MS metabolomics analysis

Enzymatic Synthesis and Purification of Aromatic Coenzyme A Esters

How to perform RT-qPCR accurately in plant species? A case study on flower colour gene expression in an azalea (Rhododendron simsii hybrids) mapping population

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