This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic activity of azadirone from Toona sinensis (Juss.) M. Roem., Meliaceae, and explore its potential mechanisms. Anti-inflammatory activities of azadirone were evaluated using dimethylbenzene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and cotton ball granuloma in mice; in addition, its analgesic activities were investigated using acetic acid writhing, hot plate pain, and formalin pain tests. The results showed that azadirone had obvious anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in animals. Further studies revealed that azadirone can reduce levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, azadirone can downregulate COX-2 and substance P in spinal cord tissues of formalin-stimulated mice. Also, expressions of ERK, P38, and JNK in RAW 264.7 cells were suppressed by azadirone. Collectively, azadirone has promising anti-inflammatory and analgesic potentials, and its mechanism is closely related to the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the blocking of MAPK signal pathway.