Flavonoid metabolism and gene expression in developing olive (<i>Olea europaea L</i>.) fruit

Martinelli, Federico; Tonutti, Pietro

doi:10.1080/11263504.2012.681320

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…These features are correlated to the high percentage of monounsaturated fats as well as to the high content of antioxidant compounds such as phenols and tocopherols, which, together with other components, characterize the nutraceutical profile of olive products (Pérez-Jiménez et al, 2007 ; Bruno et al, 2009 ; Muzzalupo et al, 2011 ). Phenolic compounds represent a complex mixture in olive derived products responsible for the anti-atherogenic and anti-cancerogenic effects, and for antioxidant properties (Hashim et al, 2008 ; Llorente-Cortes et al, 2010 ; Martinelli and Tonutti, 2012 ). Despite the importance and uniqueness of olive products, the long juvenile developmental phase and its intrinsic self-incompatibility mechanisms slow down current olive breeding programs, which are still very long.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leucoanthocyanidins are subsequently converted to colored anthocyanidins by anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) finally, the UDP-glucose-flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) creates the anthocyanin-3-glucoside. Within the path, the CHS is the first and key regulatory enzyme of flavonoid biosynthesis and the DFR is the first committed enzyme of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the flavonoid pathway (Holton and Cornish, 1995 ; Ramsay and Glover, 2005 ; Martinelli and Tonutti, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite having been recently studied in different olive cultivars (Alagna et al, 2009 ; Galla et al, 2009 ; Martinelli and Tonutti, 2012 ) the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of biosynthesis are still unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A De novo Transcriptomic Approach to Identify Flavonoids and Anthocyanins “Switch-Off” in Olive (Olea europaea L.) Drupes at Different Stages of Maturation

2016

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Highlights A de novo transcriptome reconstruction of olive drupes was performed in two genotypesGene expression was monitored during drupe development in two olive cultivarsTranscripts involved in flavonoid and anthocyanin pathways were analyzed in Cassanese and Leucocarpa cultivarsBoth cultivar and developmental stage impact gene expression in Olea europaea fruits.During ripening, the fruits of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) undergo a progressive chromatic change characterized by the formation of a red-brown “spot” which gradually extends on the epidermis and in the innermost part of the mesocarp. This event finds an exception in the Leucocarpa cultivar, in which we observe a destabilized equilibrium between the metabolisms of chlorophyll and other pigments, particularly the anthocyanins whose switch-off during maturation promotes the white coloration of fruits. Despite its importance, genomic information on the olive tree is still lacking. Different RNA-seq libraries were generated from drupes of “Leucocarpa” and “Cassanese” olive genotypes, sampled at 100 and 130 days after flowering (DAF), and were used in order to identify transcripts involved in the main phenotypic changes of fruits during maturation and their corresponding expression patterns. A total of 103,359 transcripts were obtained and 3792 and 3064 were differentially expressed in “Leucocarpa” and “Cassanese” genotypes, respectively, during 100–130 DAF transition. Among them flavonoid and anthocyanin related transcripts such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonol 3′-hydrogenase (F3′H), flavonol 3′5 ′-hydrogenase (F3′5′H), flavonol synthase (FLS), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), UDP-glucose:anthocianidin: flavonoid glucosyltransferase (UFGT) were identified. These results contribute to reducing the current gap in information regarding metabolic processes, including those linked to fruit pigmentation in the olive.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A De novo Transcriptomic Approach to Identify Flavonoids and Anthocyanins “Switch-Off” in Olive (Olea europaea L.) Drupes at Different Stages of Maturation

2016

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“…Water availability affects the general development and the composition of olive fruits inducing slight changes in the taste of the resulting oil (d 'Andria et al, 2009;Gomez-Rico et al, 2009;Martinelli et al, 2012a,b). Particular attention has been given to the changes in nutraceuticals such as phenols, which are present as a complex mixture in both olive fruits and oil (Patumi et al, 2002;d'Andria et al, 2004;Gomez-Rico et al, 2007;Martinelli and Tonutti, 2012) and characterized by antioxidant, anti-atherogenic, anti-cancerogenic properties (Hashim et al, 2008;Llorente-Cortes et al, 2010). Although the phenolic content in olives may differ by genotype, olive fruits harvested from irrigated trees in general show lower accumulation of total phenols (Tovar et al, 2001;Marsilio et al, 2006;Martinelli et al, 2012a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic profiling of ripe olive fruit in response to moderate water stress

Martinelli

Remorini

Saia

et al. 2013

Scientia Horticulturae

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a b s t r a c tThe concentrations of different metabolites in olive (Olea europaea (L.)) fruit at harvest can be affected by water availability, with significant consequences on the composition and the quality of the resulting oil. The aim of the present study was to profile the metabolic composition of ripe olives (cv. Cipressino) grown under water-stress and irrigated conditions applied during the last part of the fruit developmental cycle (from pit hardening to commercial harvest). The imposed conditions resulted in a moderate water stress (−3.5 MPa) at the end of the experimental period. Samples (pulp + skin) of fruit collected at the stage of complete epicarp pigmentation were analyzed by means of GC-MS. In total, 176 metabolites were detected, of which 57 were identified. Principal component analysis (PCA) of stress and non-stress treatments resulted in clearly separated profiles with the first principal component (PC1) mostly correlated with the organic acid content. Of the 57 compounds identified, 19 metabolites (organic acids, fatty acids, soluble sugars, and terpens) accumulated differently in the two sets of samples. A reduction in soluble sugars and unsaturated fatty acids was detected in water stressed samples, suggesting an acceleration of the ripening process. These results highlighted the validity of metabolic profiling to study the effects of water stress in terms of both fruit composition and physiology.

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“…The PF pathway in fruits and vegetables is of great interest because it leads to compounds that exhibit important health benefits, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic effects [ 1 ]. This pathway is highly conserved among diverse plant species and is well defined in Arabidopsis thaliana (Family: Brassicaceae) and several temperate fruit species including grape, apple, berry and olive fruits [ 2 – 8 ]. Mango is the fifth largest fruit crop in the world [ 9 ] and a good candidate for research on phytochemical improvement to create better fruit value, because of its high genetic diversity [ 10 ] and the current lack of breeding for nutritional quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence diversity and differential expression of major phenylpropanoid-flavonoid biosynthetic genes among three mango varieties

et al. 2015

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BackgroundMango fruits contain a broad spectrum of phenolic compounds which impart potential health benefits; their biosynthesis is catalysed by enzymes in the phenylpropanoid-flavonoid (PF) pathway. The aim of this study was to reveal the variability in genes involved in the PF pathway in three different mango varieties Mangifera indica L., a member of the family Anacardiaceae: Kensington Pride (KP), Irwin (IW) and Nam Doc Mai (NDM) and to determine associations with gene expression and mango flavonoid profiles.ResultsA close evolutionary relationship between mango genes and those from the woody species poplar of the Salicaceae family (Populus trichocarpa) and grape of the Vitaceae family (Vitis vinifera), was revealed through phylogenetic analysis of PF pathway genes. We discovered 145 SNPs in total within coding sequences with an average frequency of one SNP every 316 bp. Variety IW had the highest SNP frequency (one SNP every 258 bp) while KP and NDM had similar frequencies (one SNP every 369 bp and 360 bp, respectively). The position in the PF pathway appeared to influence the extent of genetic diversity of the encoded enzymes. The entry point enzymes phenylalanine lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-mono-oxygenase (C4H) and chalcone synthase (CHS) had low levels of SNP diversity in their coding sequences, whereas anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) showed the highest SNP frequency followed by flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase (F3’H). Quantitative PCR revealed characteristic patterns of gene expression that differed between mango peel and flesh, and between varieties.ConclusionsThe combination of mango expressed sequence tags and availability of well-established reference PF biosynthetic genes from other plant species allowed the identification of coding sequences of genes that may lead to the formation of important flavonoid compounds in mango fruits and facilitated characterisation of single nucleotide polymorphisms between varieties. We discovered an association between the extent of sequence variation and position in the pathway for up-stream genes. The high expression of PAL, C4H and CHS genes in mango peel compared to flesh is associated with high amounts of total phenolic contents in peels, which suggest that these genes have an influence on total flavonoid levels in mango fruit peel and flesh. In addition, the particularly high expression levels of ANR in KP and NDM peels compared to IW peel and the significant accumulation of its product epicatechin gallate (ECG) in those extracts reflects the rate-limiting role of ANR on ECG biosynthesis in mango.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1784-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Flavonoid metabolism and gene expression in developing olive (Olea europaea L.) fruit

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

A De novo Transcriptomic Approach to Identify Flavonoids and Anthocyanins “Switch-Off” in Olive (Olea europaea L.) Drupes at Different Stages of Maturation

A De novo Transcriptomic Approach to Identify Flavonoids and Anthocyanins “Switch-Off” in Olive (Olea europaea L.) Drupes at Different Stages of Maturation

Metabolic profiling of ripe olive fruit in response to moderate water stress

Sequence diversity and differential expression of major phenylpropanoid-flavonoid biosynthetic genes among three mango varieties

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