Flavonoid Synthesis-Related Genes Determine the Color of Flower Petals in Brassica napus L.

Li, Shijun; Li, Xi; Wang, Xiaodan; Chang, Tao; Peng, Zechuan; Guan, Chunyun; Guan, Mei

doi:10.3390/ijms24076472

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The flavonoid pathway is also involved in the formation of petal color [ 18 , 24 , 42 ], and it was reported that the flavonols, flavones, and anthocyanidins were the main contributors to petal coloration [ 42 ]. A KEGG functional annotation and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the expression of BnaA10g23330D ( BnF3′H ) could affect the synthesis of downstream peonidin and delphinidin in B. napus [ 18 ]. The RNA-Seq analysis showed that genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were primarily regulated by ANS, DFR, and UF3GT in B. napus petals [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Omics Analysis Revealed the AGR-FC.C3 Locus of Brassica napus as a Novel Candidate for Controlling Petal Color

Ding,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2024

Plants

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Variations in the petal color of Brassica napus are crucial for ornamental value, but the controlled loci for breeding remain to be unraveled. Here, we report a candidate locus, AGR-FC.C3, having conducted a bulked segregant analysis on a segregating population with different petal colors. Our results showed that the locus covers 9.46 Mb of the genome, harboring 951 genes. BnaC03.MYB4, BnaC03.MYB85, BnaC03.MYB73, BnaC03.MYB98, and BnaC03.MYB102 belonging to MYB TFs families that might regulate the petal color were observed. Next, a bulk RNA sequencing of white and orange-yellow petals on three development stages was performed to further identify the possible governed genes. The results revealed a total of 51 genes by overlapping the transcriptome data and the bulked segregant analysis data, and it was found that the expression of BnaC03.CCD4 was significantly down-regulated in the white petals at three development stages. Then, several novel candidate genes such as BnaC03.ENDO3, BnaC03.T22F8.180, BnaC03.F15C21.8, BnaC03.Q8GSI6, BnaC03.LSD1, BnaC03.MAP1Da, BnaC03.MAP1Db, and BnaC03G0739700ZS putative to controlling the petal color were identified through deeper analysis. Furthermore, we have developed two molecular markers for the reported functional gene BnaC03.CCD4 to discriminate the white and orange-yellow petal colors. Our results provided a novel locus for breeding rapeseed with multi-color petals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flavonoids play an important role in forming petal color [ 18 ]. Anthocyanins (a subclass of flavonoids) are widespread in vascular plants and are responsible for various colors in flowers, such as orange, red, purple, and blue [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Omics Analysis Revealed the AGR-FC.C3 Locus of Brassica napus as a Novel Candidate for Controlling Petal Color

Ding,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2024

Plants

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“…Some studies have revealed the roles of flavonoids in regulating the activities of a wide range of proteins and thereby influencing cell growth and differentiation in plants [ 25 ]. Flavonoids are widely distributed plant pigments derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway [ 26 ]. The flavonoid contents of D. officinale largely vary in leaf, stem, and root tissues [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flavonoids are synthesized through the phenylpropanoid and polyketide pathways, and the starting point for all flavonoids is malonyl-CoA and p-coumaroyl-CoA [ 23 ]. The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway leads to the synthesis of anthocyanins [ 27 ], and chalcone synthase is the first key enzyme involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis [ 26 ]. The contents of flavonoids in the stems of different Dendrobium species showed variations based on metabolic data, and the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes can be significantly different in different plant species [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Differences in Flavonoid Pathway Gene Expression Profiles between Two Dendrobium Varieties during Vernalization

Shu

Shi

Zhang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Dendrobium (Orchidaceae, Epidendoideae) plants have flowers with a wide variety of colors that persist for a long period throughout the year. The yellow coloration of Dendrobium flowers is mainly determined by the flavonol pathway and the flavone pathway, but the relevant biosynthesis mechanisms during vernalization remain unclear. To explore the similarities and differences in flavonoid biosynthesis in different tissues during vernalization, we selected two species of Dendrobium for a flower color study: Dendrobium capillipes Rchb (which has yellow flowers) and Dendrobium nobile Lindl (which has white flowers). We collected a total of 36 samples from six tissue types and both Dendrobium species during vernalization and subjected the samples to metabolic profiling and transcriptome sequencing. A total of 31,504 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between different tissues of the two Dendrobium species by transcriptomic analysis. However, many differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and DEGs were enriched not only in the general pathway of “flavonoid biosynthesis” but also in multiple subpathways of “flavone and flavonol biosynthesis”. According to a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis, Putrescine hydroxycinnamoyl transferase 1 (LOC110093422) may be the main gene responsible for the differences in flavonoid accumulation during vernalization, which is closely associated with yellow flowers. Taken together, the results of our study preliminarily revealed the metabolites responsible for and the key genes regulating flavonoid biosynthesis during vernalization. These results provide a basis for the further study of the molecular mechanism of flavonoid synthesis during vernalization.

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“…Over time, researchers obtained some mutants with white petals. In recent years, a number of researchers, especially in China, have reported obtaining rapeseed with colors such as red, orange, and purple [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. As the petal color of rapeseed has been enriched, researchers have become interested in identifying the main pigment components in different colored petals, the key genes encoding the different colors, and the regulatory mechanisms controlling pigment deposition in petals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals That Anthocyanin Degradation and Phytohormone Changes Regulate Red Color Fading in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Petals

Huang,

Lin,

Hao

et al. 2024

IJMS

Self Cite

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Flower color is an important trait for the ornamental value of colored rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), as the plant is becoming more popular. However, the color fading of red petals of rapeseed is a problem for its utilization. Unfortunately, the mechanism for the process of color fading in rapeseed is unknown. In the current study, a red flower line, Zhehuhong, was used as plant material to analyze the alterations in its morphological and physiological characteristics, including pigment and phytohormone content, 2 d before flowering (T1), at flowering (T2), and 2 d after flowering (T3). Further, metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses were also performed to reveal the molecular regulation of petal fading. The results show that epidermal cells changed from spherical and tightly arranged to totally collapsed from T1 to T3, according to both paraffin section and scanning electron microscope observation. The pH value and all pigment content except flavonoids decreased significantly during petal fading. The anthocyanin content was reduced by 60.3% at T3 compared to T1. The content of three phytohormones, 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid, melatonin, and salicylic acid, increased significantly by 2.2, 1.1, and 30.3 times, respectively, from T1 to T3. However, auxin, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid content decreased from T1 to T3. The result of metabolomics analysis shows that the content of six detected anthocyanin components (cyanidin, peonidin, pelargonidin, delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin) and their derivatives mainly exhibited a decreasing trend, which was in accordance with the trend of decreasing anthocyanin. Transcriptomics analysis showed downregulation of genes involved in flavonol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, genes regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis were preferentially expressed at early stages, indicating that the degradation of anthocyanin is the main issue during color fading. The corresponding gene-encoding phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, JASMONATE-ZIM-DOMAIN PROTEIN, was deactivated to repress anthocyanin biosynthesis, resulting in fading petal color. The results clearly suggest that anthocyanin degradation and phytohormone regulation play essential roles in petal color fading in rapeseed, which is a useful insight for the breeding of colored rapeseed.

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Flavonoid Synthesis-Related Genes Determine the Color of Flower Petals in Brassica napus L.

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Multi-Omics Analysis Revealed the AGR-FC.C3 Locus of Brassica napus as a Novel Candidate for Controlling Petal Color

Multi-Omics Analysis Revealed the AGR-FC.C3 Locus of Brassica napus as a Novel Candidate for Controlling Petal Color

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Differences in Flavonoid Pathway Gene Expression Profiles between Two Dendrobium Varieties during Vernalization

Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals That Anthocyanin Degradation and Phytohormone Changes Regulate Red Color Fading in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Petals

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